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This includes native and naturalised plant families occurring in Australia (following the Australian Plant Census: https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/APC).","title":"Flora of Australia_Status of Family Treatments_March 2019","uuid":"e6d3588d-9a02-471f-8de0-08f301950f28","url":null,"filename":"Flora of Australia_status of family treatments.pdf","createdDate":"2019-03-02T13:00:00Z","rights":null,"category":null,"contentType":"application/pdf","licenceIcon":"https://licensebuttons.net/l/by/4.0/80x15.png"},{"rightsHolder":null,"licence":"Creative Commons - license at record level","creator":"Australian Biological Resources Study","downloadUrl":null,"description":"Status of Flora of Australia family-level treatments. 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It has been designed for use by anyone wanting authoritative information on the names, characteristics, distribution and habitat of native and naturalised vascular plants in Australia.<\u002fp><p>In 2018 the&nbsp;<i>Flora of Australia&nbsp;<\u002fi>transitioned from static taxonomic treatments in the form of a book series to an innovative and dynamic online platform. This move made the information more accessible and user-friendly, with easier navigation through the classification, and enabling more rapid updates.&nbsp;This digital platform integrates a wide range of botanical information from many sources, such as nomenclature, distribution maps, images, biodiversity data, and identification keys.<\u002fp><p>Enhanced functionality:<\u002fp><ul><li>Search and browse thousands of taxon profiles<\u002fli><li>Narrow the scope of your search using the filter<\u002fli><li>Identify plants using interactive keys<\u002fli><li>Identify plants occurring in your local IBRA biogeographic region<\u002fli><li>Export plant profiles as PDFs<\u002fli><\u002ful><p>Click on the buttons to begin.<\u002fp><h4><a href=\"https://www.awe.gov.au/science-research/abrs/online-resources/flora-of-australia-online/abbraviationa\"><span style=\"color:hsl(30,75%,60%);\">Flora abbreviations and contractions<\u002fspan><\u002fa><\u002fh4><h4>Help for users and contributors<\u002fh4><p>Please visit our help site&nbsp;<a href=\"https://ausflora.net/\">ausflora.net<\u002fa> for instructions on how to navigate and contribute&nbsp;to <a href=\"https://ausflora.net/contributor-guidelines/\">this site and its associated databases<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><h4>Available content<\u002fh4><p>The status of Flora of Australia content, based on completeness of family-level treatments, is listed here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://profiles.ala.org.au//opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/attachment/fa5a59c2-177a-4a9a-ab8e-8546c416a299/download\">Flora of Australia_status of family treatments_4 March 2019<\u002fa>.&nbsp;<\u002fp>","images":[{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/h6mdgliaffsl7x8ncdi.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/finhg3eilm3jccxvzehfr.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/t0jxwkfhlp43djf9a4i.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/ecljhj1nl057of4unmi.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/e3nkxfpqvr352zp30udi.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/6oiv1gbny7me738oajor.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/82azmh2gi8vfdbcsor.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"},{"imageUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/sqlnq9itgaxtqv7psyvi.png","credit":"Russell L. Barrett"}],"helpTextSearch":"Search by name to find species, subspecies and higher taxa. Or find profiles by keyword search","helpTextBrowse":"Browse the taxonomic hierarchy to find a profile, or enter a name in the Quick browse to see relevant taxa","helpTextIdentify":"Identify plants based on their characteristics","helpTextFilter":null,"bannerOverlayText":"<span style=\"color:#DC2A2A;font-weight:bold;\">Flora<\u002fspan><BR> of Australia","updatesSection":"<ul><li>​Approximately 20&nbsp;000 plant profiles now available.<\u002fli><li>Thousands of new profiles and revisions since publication of the hardcopy versions of <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi>.<\u002fli><li><strong>Recent new treatments<\u002fstrong>: <i>Anacardium<\u002fi>, Acanthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Amaranthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Archeria<\u002fi>; <i>Buddleja<\u002fi>, <i>Callitriche<\u002fi>, <i>Causonis<\u002fi>, Cephalotaceae, <i>Cissus<\u002fi>, <i>Daphne<\u002fi>, <i>Dillenia<\u002fi>, <i>Ericomyrtus<\u002fi>, Euphorbiaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Euphrasia<\u002fi>, <i>Euryomyrtus<\u002fi>,&nbsp;<i>Hibiscus p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Hovea<\u002fi>, <i>Hypocalymma<\u002fi>, <i>Lablab<\u002fi>, <i>Lagunaria<\u002fi>, Martyniaceae, <i>Mesomelaena<\u002fi>, <i>Mitrantia<\u002fi>, <i>Morelotia<\u002fi>, Orchidaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>., <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Oxymyrrhine<\u002fi>, <\u002fspan><i>Paederia<\u002fi>, <i>Pentas<\u002fi>, Phyllanthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; <i>Pistacia<\u002fi>, <i>Pisum<\u002fi>, Plumbaginaceae, <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Rinzia<\u002fi>, <\u002fspan><i>Ristantia<\u002fi>, <i>Robinia<\u002fi>, <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Seorsus<\u002fi>, <\u002fspan><i>Sphaerantia<\u002fi>, <i>Stenanthemum<\u002fi>, <i>Stonesiella<\u002fi>, <i>Triadenum<\u002fi>, <i>Tristaniopsis<\u002fi>, Vitaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Waterhousea.<\u002fi><\u002fli><li><strong>Treatments since 2017<\u002fstrong>: Acanthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Actinidiaceae; Amaranthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Anacardiaceae: <i>Anacardium<\u002fi>, <i>Pistacia<\u002fi>; Araliaceae: <i>Meryta<\u002fi>; Arecaceae: <i>Hedyscepe<\u002fi>, <i>Howea<\u002fi>, <i>Lepidorrhachis<\u002fi>, <i>Rhopalostylis<\u002fi>; Argophyllaceae: <i>Corokia<\u002fi>; Asteraceae: <i>Pilosella<\u002fi>; Anarthriaceae; Apodanthaceae; Balsaminaceae; Basellaceae; Berberidopsidaceae; Calophyllaceae; Calycanthaceae; Campynemataceae; Caryophyllaceae <i>p.p.<\u002fi>; Centrolepidaceae; Cephalotaceae, Clusiaceae; Cornaceae; Corsiaceae; Cyperaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Dilleniaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Ecdeiocoleaceae; Elatinaceae (<i>Elatine <\u002fi>- tentative); Ericaceae: <i>Archeria<\u002fi>; Eriocaulaceae; Euphorbiaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Fabaceae: <i>Carmichaelia<\u002fi>, <i>Erichsenia<\u002fi>, <i>Euchilopsis<\u002fi>, <i>Hovea<\u002fi>, <i>Indigastrum<\u002fi>,&nbsp;<i>Indigofera p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Inocarpus<\u002fi>, <i>Lablab<\u002fi>, <i>Pisum<\u002fi>, <i>Robinia<\u002fi>, <i>Streblorrhiza<\u002fi>, <i>Stonesiella<\u002fi>; Fagaceae: <i>Quercus<\u002fi>; Linaceae; Lauraceae: <i>Laurus<\u002fi>, <i>Persea<\u002fi>; Lythraceae: <i>Punica<\u002fi>; Macarthuriaceae; Malvaceae: <i>Hibiscus<\u002fi> <i>p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Lagunaria<\u002fi>; Martyniaceae, Maundiaceae; Molluginaceae; Myodocarpaceae; Myrtaceae: <i>Aluta<\u002fi>, <i>Anticoryne<\u002fi>, <i>Astartea<\u002fi>, <i>Astus<\u002fi>, <i>Austrobaekea<\u002fi>, <i>Balaustion<\u002fi>, <i>Cheyniana<\u002fi>, <i>Decaspermum<\u002fi>, <i>Enekbatus<\u002fi>, <i>Ericomyrtus<\u002fi>, <i>Euryomyrtus<\u002fi>, <i>Hypocalymma<\u002fi>,<i> Metrosideros<\u002fi>, <i>Mitrantia<\u002fi>, <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Oxymyrrhine<\u002fi>,<\u002fspan> <i>Psidium<\u002fi>, <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Rinzia<\u002fi>, <\u002fspan><i>Ristantia<\u002fi>, <span style=\"color:black;\"><i>Seorsus<\u002fi>,<\u002fspan> <i>Sphaerantia<\u002fi>, <i>Tristaniopsis<\u002fi>, <i>Waterhousea<\u002fi>; Nitrariaceae; Nothofagaceae; Ochnaceae; Orchidaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Orobanchaceae: <i>Euphrasia<\u002fi>; Oxalidaceae; Pennantiaceae; Phyllanthaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Picrodendraceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Pittosporaceae; Plumbaginaceae; Poaceae: <i>Capillipedium<\u002fi>, <i>Chionachne<\u002fi>, <i>Dimeria<\u002fi>, <i>Eulalia<\u002fi>, <i>Germainia<\u002fi>,&nbsp;<i>Hackelochloa<\u002fi>, <i>Heteropogon<\u002fi>, <i>Mnesithea<\u002fi>, <i>Pseudopogonatherum<\u002fi>, <i>Rottboellia<\u002fi>, <i>Sehima<\u002fi>; Polygalaceae: <i>Polygala<\u002fi>, <i>Xanthophyllum<\u002fi>; Polypodiaceae: <i>Leptochilus<\u002fi>; Primulaceae: <i>Aegiceras<\u002fi>, <i>Ardisia<\u002fi>, <i>Embelia<\u002fi>, <i>Maesa<\u002fi>, <i>Myrsine<\u002fi>, <i>Tapeinosperma<\u002fi>, <i>Tetrardisia<\u002fi>; Restionaceae; Rhamnaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Rubiaceae: <i>Paederia<\u002fi>, <i>Pentas<\u002fi>; Sarraceniaceae; Scrophulariaceae: <i>Buddleja<\u002fi>; Sphenocleaceae; Tecophilaeaceae; Tectariaceae: <i>Pteridrys<\u002fi>; Theaceae; Thymelaeaceae: <i>Daphne<\u002fi>; Tropaeolaceae; Verbenaceae; Vitaceae.<\u002fli><li><strong>Recent revised treatments<\u002fstrong>: <i>Clausena<\u002fi>, <i>Drummondita<\u002fi>, <i>Geniostoma<\u002fi>, <i>Mesembryanthemum<\u002fi>, <i>Neisosperma<\u002fi>, Tamaricaceae, <i>Taraxacum<\u002fi>, <i>Ulmus<\u002fi>, <i>Yucca<\u002fi>, <i>Zostera<\u002fi>.<\u002fli><li><strong>Revised treatments<\u002fstrong>: Aizoaceae: <i>Mesembryanthemum<\u002fi>; Akaniaceae; Alismataceae; Anacardiaceae: <i>Mangifera<\u002fi>; Annonaceae; Apocynaceae: <i>Neisosperma<\u002fi>; Aquifoliaceae; Araceae: <i>Colocasia<\u002fi>; Arecaceae: <i>Arenga<\u002fi>; Asparagaceae: <i>Agave<\u002fi>, <i>Asparagus p.p<\u002fi>., <i>Muscari<\u002fi>, <i>Yucca<\u002fi>; Aspleniaceae; Asteraceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Austrobaileyaceae; Balanophoraceae; Berberidaceae; Brassicaceae: <i>Lepidium<\u002fi>; Burseraceae; Cabombaceae; Cactaceae; Celastraceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Ceratophyllaceae; Combretaceae <i>p.p.<\u002fi>; Corynocarpaceae; Dasypogonaceae: <i>Calectasia<\u002fi>; Dryopteridaceae: <i>Bolbitis<\u002fi>; Elaeagnaceae; Fagaceae; Goodeniaceae: <i>Lechenaultia<\u002fi>; Hymenophyllaceae; Juncaginaceae; Lecythidaceae: <i>Barringtonia<\u002fi>; Loganiaceae: <i>Geniostoma<\u002fi>; Lycopodiaceae, Marattiaceae; Melianthaceae; Moraceae (tentative); Musaceae; Myrtaceae: <i>Angophora<\u002fi>; Nepenthaceae; Nyctaginaceae: <i>Pisonia<\u002fi>; Opiliaceae; Pandanaceae; Passifloraceae; Poaceae: <i>Alopecurus<\u002fi>, <i>Dichelachne<\u002fi>, <i>Oryza<\u002fi>, <i>Pentapogon<\u002fi>; Podostemaceae, Polypodiaceae: <i>Platycerium<\u002fi>, <i>Pyrrosia<\u002fi>; Psilotaceae; Pteridaceae: <i>Pteris<\u002fi>; Rutaceae: <i>Citrus<\u002fi>, <i>Clausena<\u002fi>, <i>Drummondita<\u002fi>, <i>Murraya<\u002fi>; Salviniaceae; Santalaceae: <i>Korthalsella<\u002fi>; Sapindaceae <i>p.p<\u002fi>.; Simaroubaceae; Solanaceae: <i>Anthocercis<\u002fi>, <i>Duboisia<\u002fi>; Tamaricaceae; Trimeniaceae; Ulmaceae: <i>Ulmus<\u002fi>; Urticaceae; Violaceae; Winteraceae; Zosteraceae: <i>Zostera<\u002fi>.<\u002fli><\u002ful>","helpTextDocuments":"Access background information relating to the Flora of Australia"},"enableTaxaUpload":false,"groupVocabUuid":"43639a3d-e8a4-4f0f-9245-7d92b0434600","allowCopyFromLinkedOpus":true,"aboutHtml":"<p><strong>Overview<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>The <i>Flora of Australia <\u002fi>is designed to provide an authoritative synthesis of Australia’s native and naturalised vascular plant biodiversity. This includes taxonomic information to support plant identification, including descriptions, distribution maps, images (photographs, line drawings and other illustrations) and diagnostic keys. The Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS, <a href=\"https://www.dcceew.gov.au/science-research/abrs\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.dcceew.gov.au/science-research/abrs<\u002fa>), a unit within the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW), manages the production of the Flora, with content provided by botanists.<\u002fp><p>This interactive, online platform was developed through a partnership project between the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH, <a href=\"http://www.chah.gov.au\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.chah.gov.au<\u002fa>) and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA, <a href=\"http://www.ala.org.au\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.ala.org.au<\u002fa>). Between 1981 and 2015, the Flora was published as a series of hard copy volumes.<\u002fp><p>On this platform, the Flora is structured as a collection of taxon profiles, arranged according to the national consensus taxonomy (<a href=\"https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/APC\" rel=\"nofollow\">Australian Plant Census<\u002fa>). Each taxon profile includes authoritative descriptive content provided by expert botanical taxonomists, and dynamically linked data from other Australian bioinformatics resources. Linked data includes: distribution maps from the <a href=\"https://avh.chah.org.au/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Australasian Virtual Herbarium<\u002fa>; plant identification keys from <a href=\"https://keybase.rbg.vic.gov.au/\" rel=\"nofollow\">KeyBase<\u002fa>; images from the <a href=\"http://www.anbg.gov.au/photo/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Australian Plant Image Index<\u002fa>; and taxonomy and nomenclatural information from the <a href=\"https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/\" rel=\"nofollow\">National Species List<\u002fa>. The linked data and descriptive text can be updated by ABRS-approved Flora contributors, allowing the information presented in the digital Flora to be taxonomically up-to-date and contain new findings, while maintaining the scientific rigour and authority of the original hard copy series. Similar to other online floras, users can identify plants by navigating through the taxonomic hierarchy and reviewing taxon profiles, or by working through the interactive dichotomous keys.<\u002fp><p>Delivering the Flora electronically provides an opportunity to build momentum to update, expand and complete the Flora, for example, through faster publication and direct contributions by experts online. However, substantial work is still required to update and complete the Flora<i>. <\u002fi>Content available in the Flora includes descriptive accounts published in the hard copy <i>Flora of Australia <\u002fi>volumes, which represents about half of the Australian vascular flora. The ABRS is working to update existing content in line with current taxonomic knowledge (largely guided by the <a href=\"https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/APC\" rel=\"nofollow\">Australian Plant Census<\u002fa>), and systematically filling gaps with new treatments to build a comprehensive and current Flora.<\u002fp><p><strong>Help<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>More information about using the Flora is available online at: <a href=\"http://www.ausflora.net\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.ausflora.net<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><p>Instructions for managing keys on KeyBase are available online at: <a href=\"http://rbgvictoria.github.io/keybase/help.\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://rbgvictoria.github.io/keybase/help.<\u002fa><\u002fp><p><span style=\"color:hsl(0,0%,0%);\">Flora abbreviations and contractions: <\u002fspan><a href=\"https://www.awe.gov.au/science-research/abrs/online-resources/flora-of-australia-online/abbraviationa\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"color:hsl(30,75%,60%);\">https://www.awe.gov.au/science-research/abrs/online-resources/flora-of-australia-online/abbraviationa<\u002fspan><\u002fa><\u002fp><p><strong>Contact<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>We welcome any feedback on the platform and its content. Please contact the ABRS via email to <a href=\"mailto:abrs&#64;environment.gov.au\" rel=\"nofollow\">abrs&#64;dcceew.gov.au<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><p><strong>Contributing to the Flora<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>The ABRS, as administrators of the Flora, manage editorial access on the platform and provide assistance and editorial oversight for any contributions of new or updated content. If you would like to contribute to the <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi>, please contact the ABRS for more information: <a href=\"mailto:abrs&#64;environment.gov.au\" rel=\"nofollow\">abrs&#64;dcceew.gov.au<\u002fa>. Detailed instructions for contributors are available on our <a href=\"https://ausflora.net/contributor-guidelines/\" rel=\"nofollow\">help site<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><p><strong>State of the Flora<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>In 2018 the ABRS assessed the status of content in the Flora, including current gaps and updates needed. The final report is available on the &#39;Library&#39; page, which can be accessed from the home page. A direct link to the report is provided here: <a href=\"https://profiles.ala.org.au//opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/attachment/39ba7f09-18f2-4c68-9439-c5497aa7d548/download\" rel=\"nofollow\">State of the Flora of Australia 2018<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><p>The status of <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi> content, based on completeness of family-level treatments, is listed here: <a href=\"https://profiles.ala.org.au//opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/attachment/fa5a59c2-177a-4a9a-ab8e-8546c416a299/download\" rel=\"nofollow\">Flora of Australia_status of family treatments_4 March 2019<\u002fa>. <\u002fp><p><strong>Disclaimer<\u002fstrong><\u002fp><p>While the ABRS is working to update and build the Flora in line with current taxonomy, there is much work yet to be done, and errors can occur. Please read our <a href=\"http://www.environment.gov.au/about-us/disclaimer\" rel=\"nofollow\">disclaimer<\u002fa>.<\u002fp><p><span style=\"color:#008080;\"><i>Please note<\u002fi><\u002fspan><\u002fp><ul><li>Some of the Flora<i> <\u002fi>content may be out of date/inconsistent with current taxonomy. In particular, this may include content delivered from the hard copy <i>Flora of Australia <\u002fi>volumes which were published in 1981 to 2015. The ABRS is working to update this content as a priority. Over time, there may be a delay between published changes in taxonomy and related updates to Flora content. In some instances there will be alternative taxonomies and accepted views.<\u002fli><li>Information on distribution of a taxon may change with new findings, e.g. extensions of known range, or changes in taxonomic concepts re-defining distributions.<\u002fli><li>The placement of <i>n.v<\u002fi>. (<i>non vidi<\u002fi>) after references or cited specimens indicates not seen by the author/compiler, and should be treated with caution in the case of specimens which have not been verified recently.<\u002fli><li>Available Flora content currently represents about half of the known vascular plant taxa occurring in Australia. This includes native and naturalised taxa, and excludes any taxa known only in cultivation. The ABRS is working to fill gaps in the Flora, to provide descriptive accounts of the taxa currently not represented. The ABRS is also working to expand the Flora to include non-vascular taxa, including mosses, liverworts and hornworts.<\u002fli><li>The area covered by the Flora includes the six Australian States, the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory and immediate offshore island Territories. In the hard copy <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi> series, Australian and State offshore Territories (Cocos (Keeling) Island, Christmas Island, Ashmore Reef, Cartier Island, the Coral Sea Territory, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Heard Island and Macquarie Island) were covered separately in Volumes 49 and 50<i>. <\u002fi>The digital Flora will integrate updated legacy treatments and new treatments of taxa from all Australian offshore territories.<\u002fli><li>The Flora is being built and updated mostly in line with the national consensus taxonomy presented in the <a href=\"https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/APC\" rel=\"nofollow\">Australian Plant Census<\u002fa>. As such, the Flora<i> <\u002fi>may present different taxon names or concepts to those applied in other jurisdictions, including state/regional floras.<\u002fli><li>Linked data (outlined above) may not always align with descriptive text. The ABRS is working with botanical taxonomists and database managers to curate linked data in line with current taxonomic knowledge. But we also need your help. Please use the <a href=\"https://ausflora.net/correcting-errant-records/\" rel=\"nofollow\">inbuilt functions<\u002fa> to help correct errant records.<\u002fli><li>Errors may arise in distribution maps from issues such as mis-identification of specimens (in some cases taxonomic revisions may not have yet been applied to specimen collections at the source of the data) and incorrect geocodes; also cultivated records might be included. These can be flagged directly on the erroneous record on the Australasian Virtual Herbarium website (<a href=\"https://avh.chah.org.au/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://avh.chah.org.au/<\u002fa>), or by contacting the ABRS. There are also curated distribution maps available in state and territory electronic floras that may more accurately represent the distributions of taxa in those states.<\u002fli><li>Please refer to the relevant sources for current information on conservation or weed status of taxa. For example, the Species Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT) at <a href=\"http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl<\u002fa>; also state and territory websites for listed rare taxa and weeds. Useful weed site: <a href=\"https://weeds.org.au/weeds-profiles/\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"color:hsl(30, 75%, 60%);\"><i>weedsAUSTRALIA<\u002fi><\u002fspan><\u002fa>.<br /> <\u002fli><\u002ful><h4><span style=\"color:#ffa500;\">Citations<\u002fspan><\u002fh4><p>This collection can be cited as:<\u002fp><p><i>      Flora of Australia<\u002fi>. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. [Date Accessed: [insert date here (day month year)]]<br />      <a href=\"http://www.ausflora.org.au\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.ausflora.org.au<\u002fa><\u002fp><p>Please cite individual profiles (e.g. <a href=\"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Rosaceae\" rel=\"nofollow\">Rosaceae<\u002fa>) in the <i>Flora of Australia <\u002fi>according to the citation at the bottom of the relevant profile.<\u002fp>","copyrightText":"Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2026","usePrivateRecordData":false},"profile":{"primaryAudio":null,"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","documents":[],"profileStatus":"Legacy","primaryVideo":null,"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa","lastUpdated":"2025-12-08T01:00:25Z","profileSettings":null,"nslProtologue":"Jessup, L.W. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) 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Jessup","category":"Author"},{"text":"P.G. Kodela","category":"Editor"},{"text":null,"category":"Contributor"},{"text":null,"category":"Acknowledgements"}],"archiveComment":null,"archivedDate":null,"manualClassification":false,"bhl":[],"occurrenceQuery":"q=lsid%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fid.biodiversity.org.au%2Fnode%2Fapni%2F2908769+AND+%28data_resource_uid%3Adr382+OR+data_hub_uid%3Adh2%29","fullName":"Idiospermum australiense (Diels) S.T.Blake","imageSettings":[{"imageId":"95f72ca9-b975-499b-9607-8b6edc5a8ae0","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"8ce68f36-e0fb-400a-a198-da2e551af030","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"66c545f9-d5eb-4966-92c7-0b5f8c318de8","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"5604f558-dcd3-4df2-85f8-1045639c6df4","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"e0e51ff7-a1f0-4415-b8c9-7ee5fecdae2e","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"1a159497-d666-4b01-9411-63d6c889fbf2","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"e12d78fa-b51c-4101-8b13-f16cab2cf24c","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"dbfab798-858b-4bf7-8fa0-413fbf2ea982","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"cd32457a-596a-471b-bdf5-f3c4246f746a","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"50f05485-f904-4d9b-afc6-1885411a61e2","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"cae463dd-f487-4292-9a36-e2c89211f318","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"6e785b06-fef4-4201-8b53-961e5cb343dd","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"2fdfbd50-4960-474a-a754-aa3f7c9c7155","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"3e3914bf-394a-4434-9037-2bc5f26ba21a","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"590cd88a-2f48-482c-9315-e0ca047ad75a","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"2e10f9eb-f560-4b3f-b8af-72f8ab2ad442","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"69845515-185c-4778-81f4-9371b4cd9502","caption":null,"displayOption":null},{"imageId":"fb014f80-9cc3-4f15-9975-534338090c0f","caption":null,"displayOption":null}],"stagedImages":[],"opusId":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684","showLinkedOpusAttributes":false,"createdDate":"2017-07-17T06:20:27Z","createdBy":"System","attributes":[{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Etymology","uuid":"ca979b83-15d1-4b69-9650-7e8a536d0d46","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":1},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Common Name","uuid":"816f7e05-2ec6-47c9-856b-0a7d0b72aba5","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"Idiot Fruit, Ribbonwood, Idiospermum.","text":"<p>Idiot Fruit, Ribbonwood, Idiospermum.<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":2},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Type","uuid":"55c5c949-5b55-4ccf-a112-b3861deba6e6","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":5},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":null,"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Description","uuid":"f43baccc-36a0-4838-874b-8df6690cca41","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"Tree to 25 m high. Shoots glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 1.2–2.5 cm long; lamina elliptic, oblong or narrowly ovate, usually 8–20 cm long, 3–10 cm wide, decurrent or attenuate at base, acuminate, glabrous, usually with 7–15 pairs of secondary veins. Peduncle 2–3.5 cm long, pubescent. Lower bracts oblong, 2–2.5 mm long; upper bracts broadly elliptic, concave, 9–10 mm long, appressed-pubescent. Lower tepals elliptic, concave, 12–10 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, appressed-pubescent outside; intermediate tepals elliptic to obovate, 8–10 mm long, 3–5 mm wide, appressed-pubescent outside; upper tepals oblong to narrowly obovate, 7–8 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, acute to acuminate, appressed-pubescent only in middle near base on outside. Stamens 13–15, 2.7–3 mm long. Staminodes 8–10. Ovary obovate, compressed, 1.5–2 mm long. Fruit 5–6 cm long, 6–7 cm wide, olive brown.","text":"<p>Tree to 25 m high. Shoots glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 1.2–2.5 cm long; lamina elliptic, oblong or narrowly ovate, usually 8–20 cm long, 3–10 cm wide, decurrent or attenuate at base, acuminate, glabrous, usually with 7–15 pairs of secondary veins. Peduncle 2–3.5 cm long, pubescent. Lower bracts oblong, 2–2.5 mm long; upper bracts broadly elliptic, concave, 9–10 mm long, appressed-pubescent. Lower tepals elliptic, concave, 12–10 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, appressed-pubescent outside; intermediate tepals elliptic to obovate, 8–10 mm long, 3–5 mm wide, appressed-pubescent outside; upper tepals oblong to narrowly obovate, 7–8 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, acute to acuminate, appressed-pubescent only in middle near base on outside. Stamens 13–15, 2.7–3 mm long. Staminodes 8–10. Ovary obovate, compressed, 1.5–2 mm long. 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Status","uuid":"47ab3ef8-7e5f-4211-821a-524c6809739c","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":15},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":null,"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Representative Herbarium Specimens","uuid":"d52f692d-0dd2-447b-aced-c80905935e56","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"Qld: Mackenzie Creek, NE of Daintree, WNW of Bailey Point, S.T. Blake 23621 (BRI, DNA n.v.); base of Mount Hutchinson, Parish of Alexandra, B. Gray 4081 (BRI, CANB n.v., DNA n.v., QRS n.v.); Oliver Creek, Cape Tribulation area, L.J. Webb & J.G. Tracey 13333 (BRI, CANB n.v., QRS n.v.).","text":"<p>Qld: Mackenzie Creek, NE of Daintree, WNW of Bailey Point, <i>S.T. Blake 23621<\u002fi> (BRI, DNA <i>n.v.<\u002fi>); base of Mount Hutchinson, Parish of Alexandra, <i>B. Gray 4081<\u002fi> (BRI, CANB <i>n.v<\u002fi>., DNA <i>n.v<\u002fi>., QRS <i>n.v<\u002fi>.); Oliver Creek, Cape Tribulation area, <i>L.J. Webb &amp; J.G. Tracey 13333<\u002fi> (BRI, CANB <i>n.v<\u002fi>., QRS <i>n.v<\u002fi>.).<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":16},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Uses","uuid":"fd3090ea-06e1-41ad-81e8-36614b78de49","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":17},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Nomenclature and Typification","uuid":"87b8d5bd-4bc1-4ecd-9e7d-c06537b45f88","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":19},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Taxonomic Notes","uuid":"9becbd07-c94e-4896-a7e9-d1f4ec2fce4c","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"In the Flora of Australia Volume 2 (Jessup 2007), Idiospermum was treated within the monotypic family Idiospermaceae with a note that there was molecular evidence supporting its inclusion in Calycanthaceae.","text":"<p>In the <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi> Volume 2 (Jessup 2007), <i>Idiospermum <\u002fi>was treated within the monotypic family Idiospermaceae with a note that there was molecular evidence supporting its inclusion in Calycanthaceae.<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":20},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Notes","uuid":"6c49a2b6-e8b0-4a61-8853-213c6ca2d821","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"The seeds contain toxins (Everist 1981, Duke et al. 1995, Gordon & Reddell 2004, McKenzie 2012).\nDiscovered in 1902 and described in 1912 by German botanist Ludwig Diels as Calycanthus australiensis, the species was rediscovered in the Daintree in the early 1970s when cattle were poisoned and died after ingesting the seeds. In 1972 Stanley Blake reassigned the species to the genus Idiospermum its own family Idiospermaceae.","text":"<p>The seeds contain toxins (Everist 1981, Duke <i>et al.<\u002fi> 1995, Gordon &amp; Reddell 2004, McKenzie 2012).<\u002fp><p>Discovered in 1902 and described in 1912 by German botanist Ludwig Diels as <i>Calycanthus australiensis<\u002fi>, the species was rediscovered in the Daintree in the early 1970s when cattle were poisoned and died after ingesting the seeds. In 1972 Stanley Blake reassigned the species to the genus <i>Idiospermum <\u002fi>its own family Idiospermaceae.<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":21},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Illustrations","uuid":"91c7bcd2-d4fa-47b6-a673-31fefe9ad034","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"S.T. Blake, Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium, figs 1–13 (1972); K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants of Queensland 2nd edn, 1: 162 (1980); S.L. Everist, Poisonous Plants of Australia, revised edn, pl. 29 opp. p. 510 (1981); W. Cooper & W.T. Cooper, Fruits of the Rain Forest 170–171, fig. 344 (1994); W. Cooper & W.T. Cooper, Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest 232 (2004); C.L. Gross, American Journal of Botany 92(6): 912, fig. 1D (2005); L.W. Jessup, Flora of Australia 2: xv, pl. 20 and 104, fig. 25 (2007); B.P.M. Hyland et al., Idiospermum australiense, in J.G. West (ed.), Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 6 (2010).","text":"<p>S.T. Blake, <i>Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium<\u002fi>, figs 1–13 (1972); K.A.W. Williams, <i>Native Plants of Queensland<\u002fi> 2nd edn, 1: 162 (1980); S.L. Everist, <i>Poisonous Plants of Australia<\u002fi>, revised edn, pl. 29 opp. p. 510 (1981); W. Cooper &amp; W.T. Cooper, <i>Fruits of the Rain Forest<\u002fi> 170–171, fig. 344 (1994); W. Cooper &amp; W.T. Cooper, <i>Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest <\u002fi>232 (2004); C.L. Gross, <i>American Journal of Botany<\u002fi> 92(6): 912, fig. 1D (2005); L.W. Jessup, <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi> 2: xv, pl. 20 and 104, fig. 25 (2007); B.P.M. Hyland <i>et al<\u002fi>., <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi>, in J.G. West (ed.), <i>Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants <\u002fi>Edition 6 (2010).<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":22},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Excluded or Uncertain Names","uuid":"ecdfece3-8a8a-44f9-9f89-29f98be24585","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":null,"text":null,"editors":[],"order":23},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Bibliography","uuid":"ac6f5ab4-e776-4cb2-971e-c7bd02c00c52","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"Blake, S.T. (1972). Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae), a new genus and family for Calycanthus australiensis. Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium 12: 1–37.\nBrophy, J.J. & Goldsack, R.J. (1992). The leaf essential oil of Idiospermum australiense (Diels) S.T.Blake. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 7(2): 79–80.\nCooper, W. & Cooper, W.T. (1994). Fruits of the Rain Forest. (GEO Productions: Chatswood).\nCooper, W. & Cooper, W.T. (2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. (Nokomis Editions: Melbourne).\nDuke, R.K., Allan, R.D., Johnson, G.A.R., Mewett, K.N., Mitrovic, A.D., Duke, C.C. & Hambley, T.W. (1995). Idiospermuline, a trimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloid from the seed of Idiospermum australiense. Journal of Natural Products 58(8): 1200–1208. https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pharmacology/adrien-albert/images/pdfs/RefsPDFs/302.pdf\nEverist, S.L. (1981). Poisonous Plants of Australia, revised edn. (Angus and Robertson: Sydney).\nForeman, D.B. (1987). Notes on the wood anatomy of Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae). Muelleria 6(5): 329–333.  https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_6(5),_p329-333,_Foreman,_Idiospermum_australiense1.pdf\nGordon, V. & Reddell, P. (2004). Occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides in seeds and seedlings of Idiospermum australiense, a primitive rainforest angiosperm from tropical Australia, pp. 157–161, in Acamovic, T., Stewart, C.S. & Pennycott, T.W. (eds), Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.).\nGross, C.L. (2005). A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes - more monoecy but why? American Journal of Botany 92(6): 907–919.\nHyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T., Zich, F.A., Duffy, S.M., Gray, B., Elick, R., Venter, F. & Christophel, D.C. (2010). Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Herbs, Grasses, Sedges, Palms, Pandans & Epiphytes. Version 6. (Ed. West, J.G.) (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne). Available at http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/rfk/ [accessed November 2018]\nJessup, L.W. (2007). Idiospermaceae, pp. 103–105, in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Volume 2 Winteraceae to Platanaceae. (ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne).\nLamont, B. (1974). Idiospermum, a living primitive angiosperm. Search 5: 535–536.\nMcKenzie, R. (2012). Australia’s Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria. (CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Victoria).\nWilliams, K.A.W. (1980). Native Plants of Queensland 2nd edn, 1: 162.\nWilson, C.L. (1976). Floral anatomy of Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae). American Journal of Botany 63(7): 987–996.\nWilson, C.L. (1979). Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae) - aspects of vegetative anatomy. American Journal of Botany 66(3): 280–289.\nWorboys, S.J. (2003). Polycarpelly in Idiospermum australiense (Calycanthaceae). Austrobaileya 6(3): 553–556.\nWorboys, S.J. & Jackes, B.R. (2005). Pollination processes in Idiospermum australiense (Calycanthaceae), an arborescent basal angiosperm of Australia's tropical rain forests. Plant Systematics and Evolution 251(2-4): 107–117.\nZich, F.A., Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T. & Kerrigan, R.A. (2018). Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 7. [accessed 16 September 2020]","text":"<p>Blake, S.T. (1972). <i>Idiospermum <\u002fi>(Idiospermaceae), a new genus and family for <i>Calycanthus australiensis<\u002fi>. <i>Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium<\u002fi> 12: 1–37.<\u002fp><p>Brophy, J.J. &amp; Goldsack, R.J. (1992). The leaf essential oil of <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Diels) S.T.Blake. <i>Flavour and Fragrance Journal<\u002fi> 7(2): 79–80.<\u002fp><p>Cooper, W. &amp; Cooper, W.T. (1994). <i>Fruits of the Rain Forest.<\u002fi> (GEO Productions: Chatswood).<\u002fp><p>Cooper, W. &amp; Cooper, W.T. (2004). <i>Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest.<\u002fi> (Nokomis Editions: Melbourne).<\u002fp><p>Duke, R.K., Allan, R.D., Johnson, G.A.R., Mewett, K.N., Mitrovic, A.D., Duke, C.C. &amp; Hambley, T.W. (1995). Idiospermuline, a trimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloid from the seed of <i>Idiospermum australiense. Journal of Natural Products <\u002fi>58(8): 1200–1208. <a href=\"https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pharmacology/adrien-albert/images/pdfs/RefsPDFs/302.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pharmacology/adrien-albert/images/pdfs/RefsPDFs/302.pdf<\u002fa><\u002fp><p>Everist, S.L. (1981). <i>Poisonous Plants of Australia<\u002fi>, revised edn. (Angus and Robertson: Sydney).<\u002fp><p>Foreman, D.B. (1987). Notes on the wood anatomy of <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Idiospermaceae). <i>Muelleria <\u002fi>6(5): 329–333.  <a href=\"https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_6%285%29,_p329-333,_Foreman,_Idiospermum_australiense1.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_6(5),_p329-333,_Foreman,_Idiospermum_australiense1.pdf<\u002fa><\u002fp><p>Gordon, V. &amp; Reddell, P. (2004). Occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides in seeds and seedlings of <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi>, a primitive rainforest angiosperm from tropical Australia, pp. 157–161, in Acamovic, T., Stewart, C.S. &amp; Pennycott, T.W. (eds), <i>Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins<\u002fi>. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.).<\u002fp><p>Gross, C.L. (2005). A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes - more monoecy but why? <i>American Journal of Botany<\u002fi> 92(6): 907–919.<\u002fp><p>Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T., Zich, F.A., Duffy, S.M., Gray, B., Elick, R., Venter, F. &amp; Christophel, D.C. (2010). <i>Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Herbs, Grasses, Sedges, Palms, Pandans &amp; Epiphytes. Version 6<\u002fi>. (Ed. West, J.G.) (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne). Available at <a href=\"http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/rfk/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/rfk/<\u002fa> [accessed November 2018]<\u002fp><p>Jessup, L.W. (2007). Idiospermaceae, pp. 103–105, in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.),<i> Flora of Australia, Volume 2 Winteraceae to Platanaceae<\u002fi>. (ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne).<\u002fp><p>Lamont, B. (1974). <i>Idiospermum<\u002fi>, a living primitive angiosperm. <i>Search<\u002fi> 5: 535–536.<\u002fp><p>McKenzie, R. (2012). <i>Australia’s Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria<\u002fi>. (CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Victoria).<\u002fp><p>Williams, K.A.W. (1980). <i>Native Plants of Queensland<\u002fi> 2nd edn, 1: 162.<\u002fp><p>Wilson, C.L. (1976). Floral anatomy of <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Idiospermaceae). <i>American Journal of Botany <\u002fi>63(7): 987–996.<\u002fp><p>Wilson, C.L. (1979). <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Idiospermaceae) - aspects of vegetative anatomy. <i>American Journal of Botany <\u002fi>66(3): 280–289.<\u002fp><p>Worboys, S.J. (2003). Polycarpelly in <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Calycanthaceae). <i>Austrobaileya<\u002fi> 6(3): 553–556.<\u002fp><p>Worboys, S.J. &amp; Jackes, B.R. (2005). Pollination processes in <i>Idiospermum australiense<\u002fi> (Calycanthaceae), an arborescent basal angiosperm of Australia&#39;s tropical rain forests. <i>Plant Systematics and Evolution<\u002fi> 251(2-4): 107–117.<\u002fp><p>Zich, F.A., Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T. &amp; Kerrigan, R.A. (2018). <a href=\"http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFK7/key/RFK7/Media/Html/index_rfk.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"color:#ff8c00\"><i>Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants<\u002fi><\u002fspan><\u002fa>. Edition 7. [accessed 16 September 2020]<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":24},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":null,"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Source","uuid":"799a3879-902a-42bd-b029-b9905b07255b","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"","text":"","editors":[],"order":25},{"summary":false,"original":null,"creators":["Phillip Kodela"],"dataType":"text","profile":{"scientificName":"Idiospermum australiense","opus":{"title":"Flora of Australia","shortName":"foa","uuid":"0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684"},"uuid":"a70cc0af-7222-4011-ba37-6a44d28b38aa"},"numbers":null,"constraintListExpanded":null,"source":null,"groupBy":null,"title":"Source","uuid":"7d3c6d8d-ea7a-49f6-bbe8-00f9bf0d51d4","required":true,"numberRange":null,"constraintListVocab":null,"groupName":"","unit":null,"containsName":false,"constraintList":null,"plainText":"Adapted from L.W. Jessup, Idiospermum australiense, Flora of Australia 2: 105 (2007). Updated by P.G. Kodela (November 2018).","text":"<p>Adapted from L.W. Jessup, <i>Idiospermum australiens<\u002fi>e, <i>Flora of Australia<\u002fi> 2: 105 (2007). Updated by P.G. Kodela (November 2018).<\u002fp>","editors":[],"order":25}],"privateImages":[],"lastAttributeChange":"Updated Bibliography - Blake, S.T. (1972). Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae), a new genus and family for Calycanthus australiensis. Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium 12: 1–37.\nBrophy, J.J. & Goldsack, R.J. (1992). The leaf essential oil of Idiospermum australiense (Diels) S.T.Blake. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 7(2): 79–80.\nCooper, W. & Cooper, W.T. (1994). Fruits of the Rain Forest. (GEO Productions: Chatswood).\nCooper, W. & Cooper, W.T. (2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. (Nokomis Editions: Melbourne).\nDuke, R.K., Allan, R.D., Johnson, G.A.R., Mewett, K.N., Mitrovic, A.D., Duke, C.C. & Hambley, T.W. (1995). Idiospermuline, a trimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloid from the seed of Idiospermum australiense. Journal of Natural Products 58(8): 1200–1208. https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pharmacology/adrien-albert/images/pdfs/RefsPDFs/302.pdf\nEverist, S.L. (1981). Poisonous Plants of Australia, revised edn. (Angus and Robertson: Sydney).\nForeman, D.B. (1987). Notes on the wood anatomy of Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae). Muelleria 6(5): 329–333.  https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_6(5),_p329-333,_Foreman,_Idiospermum_australiense1.pdf\nGordon, V. & Reddell, P. (2004). Occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides in seeds and seedlings of Idiospermum australiense, a primitive rainforest angiosperm from tropical Australia, pp. 157–161, in Acamovic, T., Stewart, C.S. & Pennycott, T.W. (eds), Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.).\nGross, C.L. (2005). A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes - more monoecy but why? American Journal of Botany 92(6): 907–919.\nHyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T., Zich, F.A., Duffy, S.M., Gray, B., Elick, R., Venter, F. & Christophel, D.C. (2010). Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Herbs, Grasses, Sedges, Palms, Pandans & Epiphytes. Version 6. (Ed. West, J.G.) (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne). Available at http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/rfk/ [accessed November 2018]\nJessup, L.W. (2007). Idiospermaceae, pp. 103–105, in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Volume 2 Winteraceae to Platanaceae. (ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne).\nLamont, B. (1974). Idiospermum, a living primitive angiosperm. Search 5: 535–536.\nMcKenzie, R. (2012). Australia’s Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria. (CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Victoria).\nWilliams, K.A.W. (1980). Native Plants of Queensland 2nd edn, 1: 162.\nWilson, C.L. (1976). Floral anatomy of Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae). American Journal of Botany 63(7): 987–996.\nWilson, C.L. (1979). Idiospermum australiense (Idiospermaceae) - aspects of vegetative anatomy. American Journal of Botany 66(3): 280–289.\nWorboys, S.J. (2003). Polycarpelly in Idiospermum australiense (Calycanthaceae). Austrobaileya 6(3): 553–556.\nWorboys, S.J. & Jackes, B.R. (2005). Pollination processes in Idiospermum australiense (Calycanthaceae), an arborescent basal angiosperm of Australia's tropical rain forests. Plant Systematics and Evolution 251(2-4): 107–117.\nZich, F.A., Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T. & Kerrigan, R.A. (2018). Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 7. [accessed 16 September 2020]","publications":[]},"logos":[{"hyperlink":"http://www.environment.gov.au","logoUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/rltz1nbbctiom5kx1or.png"},{"hyperlink":"http://www.environment.gov.au/science/abrs","logoUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/tyrum6bejqtujeomvx6r.png"},{"hyperlink":null,"logoUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/m8nd0jl2yre06ve1m7vi.png"},{"hyperlink":"https://www.ala.org.au","logoUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/45uybu9gmlk7pewpcik9.png"}],"bannerUrl":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/0ded7a77-9efb-4684-8df0-48cbb1933684/image/profileBanner.png","pageTitle":"Flora of Australia"}