Acacia monticola J.M.Black

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Etymology

Derived from the Latin montanus (pertaining to mountains) and -cola (dweller or inhabitant).

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Common Name

Curly-bark Wattle, Minni Ritchi, Red Wattle, Curly-bark Tree, Hill Turpentine, Pindan, Galirrin (Bardi), Warraka (Yawuru), Galarrajen (Nyul Nyul), Burduwayi (Yindjibarndi), Burduwari (Ngarluma), Kawarr (Nyangumarta), Kawarr (Nyangumarta).

See Maslin et al. (2010) for discussion of the Common Names applied to this and similar species.

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Description

Resinous, normally obconic and multi-stemmed shrub or tree 2–5 (–8) m high, rarely prostrate. Bark ‘Minni Ritchi’, dark brownish red aging grey. Branchlets invested with minute, straight, white, patent, fine hairs which are often not apparent to the unaided eye. New shoots bright green and viscid-resinous. Phyllodes elliptic to obovate, slightly asymmetric, (10–) 12–32 mm long, 5–15 (–20) mm wide; apex rounded-obtuse and mucronulate or rarely acute; green but often white (due to dry resin) over the veins; indumentum as on branchlets; with 3–5 longitudinal veins; minor veins anastomosing to form a fine, open reticulum; gland to 3 mm above pulvinus. Inflorescences simple; heads globular to obloid or spicate to 2.2 cm long, light golden. Flowers 5-merous; calyx 0.6–1.4 mm long, dissected for ¼–½ its length; corolla striate, glabrous. Pods narrowly oblong, slightly indented, flat except raised over seeds, 1.8–10 cm long, (7–) 10–15 mm wide, coriaceous, brown, transversely reticulate, with indumentum as on branchlets, viscid (especially when young) with the resin sweetly aromatic; margins thickened and yellow. Seeds transverse or slightly oblique, broadly oblong to oblong-elliptic, 4–6.2 mm long, dark brown; areole small, closed, surrounding by a broad pale halo.

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Phenology

Flowers April–August.

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Biostatus

Native.

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Distribution

Widespread in northern and northwestern Australia, extending from the Pilbara and Kimberley regions of Western Australia eastwards through Northern Territory (between 14ºS and 24ºS) to central western Queensland.

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Habitat

Grows mainly on ironstone or sandstone/quartzite in stony skeletal soils, often on rocky ridges or steep slopes, in red sand or sandy loam, in eucalypt woodland, open Acacia shrubland or spinifex (Triodia) communities.

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Ecology

Acacia monticola is relatively fast-growing; it generally reproduces from seed, does not coppice but has the capacity to resprout adventitiously after mild fires. In some places in the Pilbara it shows prolific seedling regeneration following fire (B.R. Maslin et al., Wattles of the Pilbara 2010). Often forms dense, impenetrable, monotypic stands in areas not burnt for long periods (Kenneally et al. 1996: 131).

On Dampier Peninsula N of Broome, Western Australia, wind-pruned plants in coastal areas are sometimes prostrate but further inland they attain arborescent stature 6–8 m high.

Details of ecology, utilisation, etc. of A. monticola are given in J.W. Turnbull (ed.), Multipurpose Australian Trees and Shrubs 168–169 (1986).

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Representative Herbarium Specimens

W.A.: 18 miles [c. 28.8 km] E of Margaret River Station, Kimberley, M. Lazarides 6325 (CANB, NSW); Ganthaume [Gantheaume] Point area, Broome, P.G. Wilson 882 & R. Rowe (BRI, CANB, NSW, PERTH).

N.T.: False Mount Russell, J.R. Maconochie 917 (DNA, NSW).

Qld: Lake Moondarra, Mount Isa, R.G. Coveny 478 (NSW); New Highland Plains Homestead, N.M. Henry 219 (DNA, NSW).

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Uses

Details of utilisation of Acacia monticola are given in J.W. Turnbull (ed.), Multipurpose Australian Trees and Shrubs 168–169 (1986).

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Ethnobotany

Various uses of the wood (digging and clapping sticks, boomerangs, spear heads, raft pegs), and the leaves used medicinally; see K.F. Kenneally et al., Broome and Beyond (1996: 131) and B.R. Maslin et al., Wattles of the Pilbara (2010).

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Nomenclature and Typification

Acacia monticola J.M.Black, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 61: 246 (1937), based on Acacia impressa F.Muell., Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany 3: 133 3: 133 (1859), nom. illeg., non Lindl. (1827); Racosperma monticola (J.M.Black) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 352 (1987). Type: "In rupibus ad flumen Victoria River, No. 82; Sturt's Creek, No. 8; inter Sturt's Creek et Victoria river, No. 83"; syn: Sturts [Sturt] Creek, [W.A./N.T.], F. Mueller 8, MEL; syn: dividing tableland between Sturts [Sturt] Creek, and Victoria River, [W.A./N.T.], 26 Mar. 1856, F. Mueller 83; MEL, PERTH (fragment ex MEL); isosyn: K; syn: on cliffs, Victoria River, [N.T.], Oct. 1855, F. Mueller 82, MEL, PERTH (fragment ex MEL).

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Taxonomic Notes

Acacia monticola is one of the transitional species between the Plurinerves and Juliflorae. It has a ‘Minni Ritchi’ bark as in A. chisholmii, A. lysiphloia and A. trachycarpa with each of which it hybridises.

Examples of A. monticola × A. chisholmii hybrids: Mount Isa, Qld, C.H. Gittins 748 (NSW); Lake Moondarra, Qld, R.G. Coveny 476 (NSW).

Example of A. monticola × A. lysiphloia hybrid: Tanami Desert, N.T., J.R. Maconochie 1738 (DNA, NSW).

For A. monticola × trachycarpa hybrids see A. monticola × trachycarpa.

Acacia monticola also hybridises with the non ‘Minni Ritchi’ species A. tumida in Western Australia (see A. monticola × tumida var. pilbarensis and A. tumida var. tumida) and with A. phlebocarpa in the Burke District, Queenslandd (e.g. R. Booth 5543 & D.T. Kelman, BRI).

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Notes

Acacia monticola has a striate corolla, which is an uncommon state.

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Illustrations

B.R. Maslin, in J.P. Jessop (ed.), Flora of Central Australia: 123, fig. 160C (1981); M. Simmons, Acacias of Australia 1: 213 (1987); K.F. Kenneally et al., Broome and Beyond: 131 (1996); B.R. Maslin & M.W. McDonald, A Key to Useful Australian Acacias for the Seasonally Dry Tropics: 50–51 (1996); A.E. Orchard & A.J.G. Wilson (eds), Flora of Australia 11B: 481, fig. 46J–L (2001); B.R. Maslin et al., Wattles of the Pilbara (2010).

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Bibliography

Kenneally, K.F., Edinger, D.C. & Willing, T. (1996). Broome and Beyond. Plants and people of the Dampier Peninsula, Kimberley, Western Australia. (Dept of Conservation and Land Management: Como, W.A.).

Maslin, B.R. & McDonald, M.W. (1996). A Key to Useful Australian Acacias for the Seasonally Dry Tropics. (CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Vic.).

Maslin, B.R., van Leeuwen, S. & Reid, J. (2010). Wattles of the Pilbara, CD-ROM (Department of Environment and Conservation: Kensington, W.A.). See Acacia monticola Fact Sheet, Wattles of the Pilbara (2010), in World Wide Wattle:  http://worldwidewattle.com/speciesgallery/descriptions/pilbara/html/monticola.htm [accessed May 2018]

Tindale, M.D., Kodela, P.G., et al. (2001). Acacia monticola, pp. 214–215, in A.E. Orchard & A.J.G. Wilson (eds), Flora of Australia Volume 11B, Mimosaceae, Acacia part 2. (ABRS: Canberra / CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne).

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Source

Revised edition, November 2018. M.D. Tindale, P.G. Kodela, et al., Acacia monticola, Flora of Australia 11B: 214–215 (2001). Updated and edited by B.R. Maslin (June 2012), P.G. Kodela (November 2018).

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From the Acacia characters species list, created by on Mar 12, 2015.
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© Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2024
Last updated: Unknown; Jan 6, 2025 3:40 Status: Legacy

Author - M.D. Tindale & P.G. Kodela

Editor - P.G. Kodela

Contributor - B.R. Maslin (ed. June 2012); P.G. Kodela (ed. November 2018)

Acknowledgements -

Cite this profile as: M.D. Tindale & P.G. Kodela. Acacia monticola, in P.G. Kodela (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Acacia%20monticola [Date Accessed: 15 March 2025]