ABOUT THE APP.
‘World Mangrove iD-2.1’ is the second edition e-book (smart device) app and expert guide to all mangrove plants worldwide, developed by Prof Norman C Duke, long-time mangrove ecologist.
If you have an interest in the fascinating world of mangroves. If you have questions like: 'What mangrove is that?;' or 'What mangroves grow in my country, or somewhere nearby'? Or, 'Why are mangroves so important?' You will find answers, and intriguing facts about these truly unique plants in this latest, much improved version of the World Mangrove iD e-book app.
The guide provides more than 800 exquisite and informative colour images, more than 100 expert world distribution maps and authoritative botanical descriptions and keys of all 85+ mangrove plant species, hybrids and varieties found worldwide. Also included are a selection of ~15 common Associate plants you are likely to come across. The information and data presented provides the very latest botanical information recorded by professionals and observers like yourself, combined with 5 decades of data and observations gathered by Prof Duke for his World Mangrove Flora Project.
The aim of the guide revolves around two ideas: one, to show off the diversity and distribution of mangrove plants; and two, to improve your knowledge about them. Furthermore, you are invited to contribute by helping fill gaps in the guide. It could be a new image, or just a better one, or, it could be more information on peak flowering and fruiting dates, or even a new species! All these types of contributions have made this version so much better. Such seemingly small observations maybe essential information for improving the wider understanding of what is present and what is changing in the world around us! Scientists like Prof Duke, and environmental managers everywhere need your help. Your knowledge of local plants and the things affecting them maybe important and useful information!
So check out the species listed by the app in your area, and let us know if the data shown for those species needs further explanation, correction, or updating. You are invited to contribute by helping fill gaps revealed in the guide. It could be a new image, or just a better one; or, it could be more information on peak flowering and fruiting (=propagule maturation) dates; or, even a new species! So, if you do find something different, please use the 'My Record' facility to send a message and photograph showing diagnostic plant parts of your specimen; along with your location data. Your contribution maybe more important than you think! And your contributions will be acknowledged, notably when your record is used in on-going upgrades to the guide.
The World Mangrove ID app is just like having your very own mangrove expert on call - at your finger-tips!. This authoritative botanical guide has full descriptions and images of all known mangrove plants around the world. It has been compiled and written by Prof Duke, long time developer of MangroveWatch education programs for raising the expertise of researchers and community enthusiasts for effective environmental monitoring of valuable but threatened tidal wetlands.
In summary, the purpose of this app is three-fold:
1) to show off the diversity and distribution of mangrove plants;
2) to help you identify mangroves in the world where ever you are; and
3) to improve your knowledge generally and to increase awareness of these really special plants.
"Scientists and environmental managers need your help!"
"See you in the 'groves!"
DISPLAY_END:ABOUT THE APP.
SUPPORT.
This app has the following functions:
1. Identify your specimen from the 80+ mangroves worldwide. Note any common associate species you might come across.
2. Search interactive keys based on leaves, flowers, fruits, and habit, plus look at images, descriptions, and distribution records.
3. Compare your occurrence with expert distribution maps, noting any distributional gradients and discontinuities.
4. Add your own records and observations – your record will be verified for species identity, and note any local unusual characteristics. As one example, send in observations of ‘albino’ mangroves - being those mangroves with viviparous propagules on occasion lacking normal green pigmentation - to be yellow or red instead.
5. Send in an image for verification – especially where a species is found outside its known range, and also noting flowering, fruiting and leafing times (=phenological events). These are expected to be getting earlier or disrupted with increasing temperature conditions.
6. Record presence of detached propagules in drift (or wherever) by scoring 'Propagule Only'.
DISPLAY_END:SUPPORT.
FEEDBACK.
Your observations are important!
While the World Mangrove ID-2 app is there to help you identify mangroves, you may stumble across something different and new! It has happened. Not so long ago in 2015, 'Mikey' Hidetoshi Kudo, a language translator with no scientific training, made three significant discoveries in the mangroves around Cairns in NE Australia, including 1) a 200 km range extension south for Bruguiera cylindrica, 2) the first recorded sighting of the rare Bruguiera hainesii in Australia, and 3) a completely new species of mangrove for the world Bruguiera dungarra. Mikey has become a local hero! So, like Mikey's observations, your observations might also be important!
The app has the latest information, so it is the app to have when you venture into the mangroves – anywhere you care to go! In this way, it will be your constant companion and authoritative reference when you go on your next mangrove adventure. The neat thing is that you will discover you are not alone. For instance, if you haven’t already done so, check out the website showing how community volunteers are partnering with scientists to monitor vulnerable mangrove habitat (see: www.mangrovewatch.org.au).
As a mangrove watcher, we encourage people to share their mangrove observations with other enthusiasts and scientists by using the recording features of the app. And, when you discover something different, or perhaps not as it should be, you can let others know! For example, as well as unrecorded species occurrences, you might record odd features like ‘albino’ mangroves, plants with variegated leaves, plants in unusual growing conditions, or different shaped (mutant?) flowers or fruits.
Such observations are extremely useful for others to know about. And, it is quite possible your records might be a first. In any case, all such records pooled from all over the world will create an invaluable database – revealing the true status of these valued and beneficial places.
Your observations are important records of change, as species ranges expand, or retreat, or simply degrade. We need to know how biodiversities are changing so we can accurately evaluate the influences of global climate change, coupled with the local, more immediate threats and pressures from human activities.
We look forward to seeing your records!
DISPLAY_END:FEEDBACK.
PROFILE.
DISPLAY_END:PROFILE.
LOGIN & REGISTER.
DISPLAY_END:LOGIN & REGISTER.
CONTACT.
Email1: worldmangroves@gmail.com
Email2: mangrovewatcher@gmail.com
DISPLAY_END:CONTACT.
TABLE 1 INFORMATION FOR ALL_KEY codes.
Taxa/Species in ALL_KEYs part of the App. Note codes to locate the 18 ‘Genus Diagram’ files in ALA gallery (see Table 2). These Genus names are to be listed/included in the App ‘Browse Genera’ view list.
Mangrove Genus/Species, Nos. of species, Associate, Codes for Files of Genus KEYs or Single Species, Genus Common Names of Genera or Single Species, Family Name
Acanthus , 3, , Ac_KEY, Holly Mangroves, Acanthaceae
Acrostichum , 3, , Ar_KEY, Mangrove Ferns, Pteridaceae
Aegialitis , 2, , Ai_KEY, Club Mangroves, Plumbaginaceae
Aegiceras , 2, , Ae_KEY, River Mangroves, Primulaceae
Aglaia cucullata, , A, Ag_cuc, Pacific Maple, Meliaceae
Amphitecna latifolia, , A, Am_lat, Black Calabash, Bignoniaceae
Annona glabra, , A, An_gla, Pond Apple, Annonaceae
Avicennia , 8, , Av_KEY, Grey/White/Black Mangroves, Acanthaceae
Barringtonia racemosa , , , Ba_rac, Brackishwater Mangrove, Lecythidaceae
Brownlowia , 2, , Bo_KEY, Dungu-air Mangrove, Malvaceae
Bruguiera , 8, , Br_KEY, Orange Mangroves, Rhizophoraceae
Camptostemon , 2, , Ca_KEY, Kapok Mangroves, Malvaceae
Ceriops , 5, , Ce_KEY, Yellow Mangroves, Rhizophoraceae
Conocarpus erectus , , , Co_ere, Buttonwood Mangrove, Combretaceae
Crenea patentinervis, , , Cr_pat, Crenea Mangrove, Lythraceae
Cynometra iripa, , , Cy_iri, Wrinkle-pod Mangrove, Fabaceae
Diospyros littorea, , , Di_lit, Ebony Mangrove, Ebenaceae
Dolichandrone spathacea , , , Do_spa, Trumpet Mangrove, Bignoniaceae
Excoecaria , 2, , Ex_KEY, Milky Mangroves, Euphorbiaceae
Heritiera , 3, , He_KEY, Keeled-pod Mangroves, Malvaceae
Hibiscus tiliaceous, , A, Hi_til, Native Hibiscus, Malvaceae
Hippomane mancinella, , A, Hp_man, Manchineel Tree, Euphorbiaceae
Inocarpus fagifer, , A, In_fag, Pacific Chestnut, Fabaceae
Kandelia , 2, , Ka_KEY, Candle Mangroves, Rhizophoraceae
Lagunaria patersonia, , A, Ln_pat, Norfolk Island Hibiscus, Malvaceae
Laguncularia racemosa , , , La_rac, American White Mangrove, Combretaceae
Lonchocarpus monilis, , , Lo_mon, Muellers Mangrove, Fabaceae
Lumnitzera , 3, , Lu_KEY, IWP Black Mangroves, Combretaceae
Mora oleifera , , , Mo_ole, Cork Mangrove, Fabaceae
Nypa fruticans , , , Ny_fru, Mangrove Palm, Arecaceae
Osbornia octodonta , , , Os_oct, Myrtle Mangrove, Myrtaceae
Pavonia , 2, , Pa_KEY, Pavonian Mangroves, Malvaceae
Pelliciera , 2, , Pe_KEY, Pine Mangroves, Tetrameristaceae
Pemphis acidula , , , Pm_aci, Reef Barrier Mangrove, Lythraceae
Phoenix paludosa, , A, Ph_pal, Swamp Palm, Arecaceae
Pterocarpus officinalis, , A, Pt_off, Kaway, Fabaceae
Rhizophora , 12, , Rh_KEY, Stilt/Red Mangroves, Rhizophoraceae
Schinus terebinthifolia, , A, Sh_ter, Brazilian Pepper Tree, Anarcardiaceae
Scyphiphora hydrophylacea , , , Sc_hyd, Yamstick Mangrove, Rubiaceae
Sonneratia , 9, , So_KEY, Apple Mangroves, Lythraceae
Tabebuia palustris , , , Ta_pal, Shrubby Bignon Mangrove, Bignoniaceae
Thespesia populnea, , A, Th_pop, Portia Tree, Malvaceae
Xylocarpus , 3, , Xy_KEY, Cannonball Mangroves, Meliaceae
Zamia roezlii, , A, Za_roe, Chigua, Zamiiaceae
TABLE 2 INFORMATION for Multi-species genus Keys (xx_KEYs) in App.
Mangrove Species/Taxa (NOTE: First word is Genus Name), Genus Code, Taxa/Spp Code, Genus Common Names
Acanthus ebracteatus , Ac_KEY, Ac_ebr, Holly Mangroves
Acanthus ebracteatus subsp. ebracteatus, Ac_KEY, Ac_ebr_ebr, Holly Mangroves
Acanthus ebracteatus subsp. ebarbatus, Ac_KEY, Ac_ebr_eba, Holly Mangroves
Acanthus ilicifolius , Ac_KEY, Ac_ili, Holly Mangroves
Acanthus volubilis, Ac_KEY, Ac_vol, Sea Holly
Acrostichum aureum , Ar_KEY, Ar_aur, Mangrove Ferns
Acrostichum danaeifolium , Ar_KEY, Ar_dan, Mangrove Ferns
Acrostichum speciosum , Ar_KEY, Ar_spe, Mangrove Ferns
Aegialitis annulata , Ai_KEY, Ai_ann, Club Mangroves
Aegialitis rotundifolia , Ai_KEY, Ai_rot, Club Mangroves
Aegiceras corniculatum , Ae_KEY, Ae_cor, River Mangroves
Aegiceras floridum , Ae_KEY, Ae_flo, River Mangroves
Avicennia alba , Av_KEY, Av_alb, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia bicolor , Av_KEY, Av_bic, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia germinans , Av_KEY, Av_ger, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia integra , Av_KEY, Av_int, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia marina , Av_KEY, Av_mar, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia marina var. marina, Av_KEY, Av_mar_mar, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia marina var. australasica, Av_KEY, Av_mar_aus, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia marina var. eucalyptifolia, Av_KEY, Av_mar_euc, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia officinalis , Av_KEY, Av_off, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia rumphiana, Av_KEY, Av_rum, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Avicennia schaueriana , Av_KEY, Av_sch, Grey/White/Black Mangroves
Brownlowia argentata, Bo_KEY, Bo_arg, Tiliaceous Associate
Brownlowia tersa, Bo_KEY, Bo_ter, Dungu-air Mangrove
Bruguiera cylindrica , Br_KEY, Br_cyl, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera dungarra, Br_KEY, Br_dun, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera exaristata , Br_KEY, Br_exa, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera gymnorhiza , Br_KEY, Br_gym, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera hainesii , Br_KEY, Br_hai, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera parviflora , Br_KEY, Br_par, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera rhynchopetala , Br_KEY, Br_rhy, Orange Mangroves
Bruguiera sexangula , Br_KEY, Br_sex, Orange Mangroves
Camptostemon philippinense, Ca_KEY, Ca_phi, Kapok Mangroves
Camptostemon schultzii, Ca_KEY, Ca_sch, Kapok Mangroves
Ceriops australis, Ce_KEY, Ce_aus, Yellow Mangroves
Ceriops decandra, Ce_KEY, Ce_dec, Yellow Mangroves
Ceriops pseudodecandra , Ce_KEY, Ce_pse, Yellow Mangroves
Ceriops tagal, Ce_KEY, Ce_tag, Yellow Mangroves
Ceriops zippeliana , Ce_KEY, Ce_zip, Yellow Mangroves
Excoecaria agallocha , Ex_KEY, Ex_aga, Milky Mangroves
Excoecaria agallocha subsp. agallocha, Ex_KEY, Ex_aga_aga, Milky Mangroves
Excoecaria agallocha subsp. ovalis, Ex_KEY, Ex_aga_ova, Milky Mangroves
Excoecaria indica (=Shirakiopsis indica), Ex_KEY, Sh_ind, Milky Associate
Heritiera fomes , He_KEY, He_fom, Keeled-pod Mangroves
Heritiera globosa, He_KEY, He_glo, Keeled-pod Associate
Heritiera littoralis , He_KEY, He_lit, Keeled-pod Mangroves
Kandelia candel, Ka_KEY, Ka_can, Candle Mangroves
Kandelia obovata, Ka_KEY, Ka_obo, Candle Mangroves
Lumnitzera littorea , Lu_KEY, Lu_lit, IWP Black Mangroves
Lumnitzera racemosa , Lu_KEY, Lu_rac, IWP Black Mangroves
Lumnitzera rosea , Lu_KEY, Lu_ros, IWP Black Mangroves
Pavonia paludicola, Pa_KEY, Pa_pal, Pavonian Mangroves
Pavonia rhizophorae, Pa_KEY, Pa_rhi, Pavonian Mangroves
Pelliciera benthamii , Pe_KEY, Pe_ben, Pine Mangroves
Pelliciera rhizophorae , Pe_KEY, Pe_rhi, Pine Mangroves
Rhizophora annamalyana , Rh_KEY, Rh_ann, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora apiculata , Rh_KEY, Rh_api, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora brevistyla, Rh_KEY, Rh_bre, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora harrisonii , Rh_KEY, Rh_har, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora lamarckii , Rh_KEY, Rh_lam, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora mangle , Rh_KEY, Rh_man, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora mucronata , Rh_KEY, Rh_muc, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora racemosa , Rh_KEY, Rh_rac, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora samoensis , Rh_KEY, Rh_sam, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora samoensis var. neocaledonica, Rh_KEY, Rh_sam_neo, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora selala , Rh_KEY, Rh_sel, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora stylosa , Rh_KEY, Rh_sty, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Rhizophora tomlinsonii , Rh_KEY, Rh_tom, Stilt/Red Mangroves
Sonneratia alba , So_KEY, So_alb, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia apetala , So_KEY, So_ape, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia caseolaris, So_KEY, So_cas, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia griffithii , So_KEY, So_gri, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia gulngai , So_KEY, So_gul, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia hainanensis , So_KEY, So_hai, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia lanceolata , So_KEY, So_lan, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia ovata , So_KEY, So_ova, Apple Mangroves
Sonneratia urama , So_KEY, So_ura, Apple Mangroves
Xylocarpus granatum , Xy_KEY, Xy_gra, Cannonball Mangroves
Xylocarpus moluccensis, Xy_KEY, Xy_mol, Cannonball Mangroves
Xylocarpus rumphii, Xy_KEY, Xy_rum, Cannonball Associate
DISPLAY_KEYS
ALL TAXA KEY to GENERA-SPECIES (43 Couplets)
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Palm, cycad or ground fern, maybe trunkless. Couplet 2.
1B. Tree, shrub or thicket. Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL1:44
SPP_LIST-ALL1: Ac_KEY, Ar_KEY, Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Ag_cuc, Am_lat, An_gla, Av_KEY, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Br_KEY, Ca_KEY, Ce_KEY, Co_ere, Cr_pat, Cy_iri, Di_lit, Do_spa, Ex_KEY, He_KEY, Hi_til, Hp_man, In_fag, Ka_KEY, Ln_pat, La_rac, Lo_mon, Lu_KEY, Mo_ole, Ny_fru, Os_oct, Pa_KEY, Pe_KEY, Pm_aci, Ph_pal, Pt_off, Rh_KEY, Sh_ter, Sc_hyd, So_KEY, Ta_pal, Th_pop, Xy_KEY, Za_roe
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 2.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Ground fern, trunkless. MANGROVES IWP and AEP. Genus Acrostichum
2B. Palm, or cycad. Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL2:4
SPP_LIST-ALL2: Ar_KEY, Ny_fru, Ph_pal, Za_roe
GOTO_A:Ar_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Cycad; leaflets opposite; venation longitudinal along blade. ASSOCIATE AEP.
Species Zamia roezlii
3B. Palm; leaflets alternate, sub-opposite; venation radiates from base.
Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL3:3
SPP_LIST-ALL3: Ny_fru, Ph_pal, Za_roe
GOTO_A:Profile Za_roe
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Palm to 10 m, no spines, trunkless. MANGROVE IWP, INTRODUCED AEP.
Species Nypa fruticans
4B. Palm to 5 m, thorny spines, distinct trunk. ASSOCIATE IWP.
Species Phoenix paludosa
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL4:2
SPP_LIST-ALL4: Ny_fru, Ph_pal
GOTO_A:Profile Ny_fru
GOTO_B:Profile Ph_pal
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 5.
5A. Exuding sap, oozes from broken leaf or cut bark. Couplet 6.
5B. No obviously exuding sap from broken leaves or cut bark. Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL5:40
SPP_LIST-ALL5: Ac_KEY, Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Ag_cuc, Am_lat, An_gla, Av_KEY, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Br_KEY, Ca_KEY, Ce_KEY, Co_ere, Cr_pat, Cy_iri, Di_lit, Do_spa, Ex_KEY, He_KEY, Hi_til, Hp_man, In_fag, Ka_KEY, Ln_pat, La_rac, Lo_mon, Lu_KEY, Mo_ole, Os_oct, Pa_KEY, Pe_KEY, Pm_aci, Pt_off, Rh_KEY, Sh_ter, Sc_hyd, So_KEY, Ta_pal, Th_pop, Xy_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 6.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 6.
6A. Exuding sap blood red. ASSOCIATE AEP. Species Pterocarpus officinalis
6B. Exuding sap milky white. Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL6:3
SPP_LIST-ALL6: Ex_KEY, Hp_man, Pt_off
GOTO_A:Profile Pt_off
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 7.
7A. Monoecious; fruit capsule globose, multi-seeded; leaf petiole often at right angles to lamina. ASSOCIATE AEP. Species Hippomane mancinella
7B. Dioecious; fruit capsule 3-seeded globose or trilobed; leaf petiole more or less continuous with lamina. MANGROVES IWP and ASSOCIATE IWP.
Genus Excoecaria (+Shirakiopsis indica)
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL7:2
SPP_LIST-ALL7: Ex_KEY, Hp_man
GOTO_A:Profile Hp_man
GOTO_B:Ex_KEY Couplet 1.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 8.
8A. Leaves compound; leaflets opposite. Couplet 9.
8B. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite. Couplet 16.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL8:37
SPP_LIST-ALL8: Ac_KEY, Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Ag_cuc, Am_lat, An_gla, Av_KEY, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Br_KEY, Ca_KEY, Ce_KEY, Co_ere, Cr_pat, Cy_iri, Di_lit, Do_spa, He_KEY, Hi_til, In_fag, Ka_KEY, Ln_pat, La_rac, Lo_mon, Lu_KEY, Mo_ole, Os_oct, Pa_KEY, Pe_KEY, Pm_aci, Rh_KEY, Sh_ter, Sc_hyd, So_KEY, Ta_pal, Th_pop, Xy_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 9.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 16.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 9.
9A. Shrub or small tree to 20 m tall; buttresses and pneumatophores absent.
Couplet 10.
9B. Tree to 40 m tall; stembase with plank buttresses or bulky pneumatophores.
Couplet 14.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL9:8
SPP_LIST-ALL9: Ag_cuc, Cy_iri, Do_spa, Lo_mon, Mo_ole, Sh_ter, Ta_pal, Xy_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 10.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 14.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 10.
10A. Flowers >15 cm L, white petals; fruit pod long curved, seeded. MANGROVE IWP. Species Dolichandrone spathacea
10B. Flowers much <10 cm L; petals white, creamy or rose; fruit pods mostly compact, seeded. Couplet 11.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL10:5
SPP_LIST-ALL10: Cy_iri, Do_spa, Lo_mon, Sh_ter, Ta_pal
GOTO_A:Profile Do_spa
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 11.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 11.
11A. Leaves with 2, 4 or 6 leaflets, tips emarginate; flower petals white; fruit pods pubescent, knobbly surface, 1-2 cm W. MANGROVE IWP. Species Cynometra iripa
11B. Leaves with 3, 5, 7 or 9 leaflets, tips acute; flower petals white or rose; fruit pods smooth surfaced, 1-4 seeded. Couplet 12.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL11:4
SPP_LIST-ALL11: Cy_iri, Lo_mon, Sh_ter, Ta_pal
GOTO_A:Profile Cy_iri
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 12.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 12.
12A. Leaves with 1-3 leaflets; flower petals white; fruit pods bean-like, 5-11 cm long, smooth, surface of minute peltate scales. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Tabebuia palustris
12B. Leaves with 3, 5, 7 or 9 leaflets; flower petals white or rose; fruit pods rounded, up to 3 cm diameter, smooth surfaces. Couplet 13.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL12:3
SPP_LIST-ALL12: Lo_mon, Sh_ter, Ta_pal
GOTO_A:Profile Ta_pal
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 13.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 13.
13A. Leaves with 5-15 leaflets; flower petals white; fruit pods peppercorn-like, 3-5 mm diameter, smooth surface. ASSOCIATE AEP, INTRODUCED IWP.
Species Schinus terebinthifolia
13B. Leaves with 3, 5, 7 or 9 leaflets; flower petals rose; fruit pods 1-4 seeded, in long-stipitate strings, each with smooth surfaces, to 3 cm diameter. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Lonchocarus monilis
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL13:2
SPP_LIST-ALL13: Lo_mon, Sh_ter
GOTO_A:Profile Sh_ter
GOTO_B:Profile Lo_mon
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 14.
14A. Flowers clustered in long pendulous spikes; fruits bivalved pod, to 25 cm long, rough, coriaceous surface, propagule cryptoviviparous. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Mora oleifera
14B. Flowers in many-flowered loose panicles; fruits globose, 12-25 cm wide, smooth, 3-20 seeds. Couplet 15.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL14:3
SPP_LIST-ALL14: Ag_cuc, Mo_ole, Xy_KEY
GOTO_A:Profile Mo_ole
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 15.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 15.
15A. Leaves with 4-6 leaflets; flower petals 4; fruits to 25 cm wide, 6-20 woody seeds. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Xylocarpus
15B. Leaves with 5-9 leaflets; flower petals 3; fruit to 12 cm wide, 3 seeded. ASSOCIATE IWP. Species Aglaia cucullata
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL2:2
SPP_LIST-ALL2: Ag_cuc, Xy_KEY
GOTO_A:Xy_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:Profile Ag_cuc
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 16.
16A. Simple opposite leaves. Couplet 17.
16B. Simple alternate leaves. Couplet 28.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL16:29
SPP_LIST-ALL16: Ac_KEY, Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Av_KEY, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Br_KEY, Ca_KEY, Ce_KEY, Co_ere, Cr_pat, , Di_lit, , He_KEY, Hi_til, In_fag, Ka_KEY, Ln_pat, La_rac, Lu_KEY, Os_oct, Pa_KEY, Pe_KEY, Pm_aci, Rh_KEY, Sc_hyd, So_KEY, Th_pop
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 17.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 28.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 17.
17A. Leaf undersurface pubescent, silvery grey appearance. MANGROVES IWP and AEP. Genus Avicennia
17B. Leaf undersurface not obviously pubescent. Couplet 18.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL2:12
SPP_LIST-ALL2: Ac_KEY, Av_KEY, Br_KEY, Ce_KEY, Cr_pat, Ka_KEY, La_rac, Os_oct, Pm_aci, Rh_KEY, Sc_hyd, So_KEY
GOTO_A:Av_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 18.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 18.
18A. Flower zygomorphic; leaves sometimes spiny; small shrub to 2m tall. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Acanthus
18B. Flower largely symmetric; leaves never spiny; growth form small to large tree >3 m tall. Couplet 19.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL18:11
SPP_LIST-ALL18: Ac_KEY, Br_KEY, Ce_KEY, Cr_pat, Ka_KEY, La_rac, Os_oct, Pm_aci, Rh_KEY, Sc_hyd, So_KEY
GOTO_A:Ac_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 19.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 19.
19A. Propagules viviparous, naked, slender. Couplet 20.
19B. Propagules not obviously viviparous. Couplet 23.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL19:10
SPP_LIST-ALL19: Br_KEY, Ce_KEY, Cr_pat, Ka_KEY, La_rac, Os_oct, Pm_aci, Rh_KEY, Sc_hyd, So_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 20.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 23.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 20.
20A. Tree with prop roots, buttresses and knee roots absent; calyx lobes 4. MANGROVES IWP and AEP. Genus Rhizophora
20B. Tree with no substantive prop roots, buttresses sturdy, often with knee roots; calyx lobes 5 or more. Couplet 21.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL20:4
SPP_LIST-ALL20: Br_KEY, Ce_KEY, Ka_KEY, Rh_KEY
GOTO_A:Rh_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 21.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 21.
21A. Fruit hidden within calyx, calyx lobes 8-15. MANGROVES IWP.
Genus Bruguiera
21B. Fruit inverted pear-shaped, calyx lobes less than 6. Couplet 22.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL21:3
SPP_LIST-ALL21: Br_KEY, Ce_KEY, Ka_KEY
GOTO_A:Br_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 22.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 22.
22A. Stamens twice calyx lobe number; petals single lobed, enclosing stamen pairs. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Ceriops
22B. Stamens numerous, > twice calyx lobe number; petals bilobed, not enclosing stamen pairs. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Kandelia
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL22:2
SPP_LIST-ALL22: Ce_KEY, Ka_KEY
GOTO_A:Ce_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:Ka_KEY Couplet 1.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 23.
23A. Stipules persistent; pod deeply 8-ribbed (barrel-like). MANGROVE IWP.
Species Scyphiphora hydrophylacea
23B. Stipules absent; pod or fruit not deeply ribbed. Couplet 24.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL23:6
SPP_LIST-ALL23: Cr_pat, , La_rac, Os_oct, Pm_aci, Sc_hyd, So_KEY
GOTO_A:Profile Sc_hyd
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 24.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 24.
24A. Leaves elliptic, apices rounded, tending emarginate, base truncate; flowers on long racemes, 10 plus. MANGROVE AEP, INTRODUCED IWP.
Species Laguncularia racemosa
24B. Leaves apiculate-ovate, apices obtuse-pointed, base rounded; flowers singular or in clusters of 2-5. Couplet 25.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL24:5
SPP_LIST-ALL24: Cr_pat, La_rac, Os_oct, Pm_aci, So_KEY
GOTO_A:Profile La_rac
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 25.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 25.
25A. Fruit globular to 4 cm long, tree medium to large; leaves large >5 cm long; pneumatophores present. MANGROVES IWP, INTRODUCED AEP. Genus Sonneratia
25B. Fruit calyx pod, less than 1 cm long, shrub to small tree; leaves small <2 cm long; pneumatophores absent. Couplet 26.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL25:4
SPP_LIST-ALL25: Cr_pat, Os_oct, Pm_aci, So_KEY
GOTO_A:So_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 26.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 26.
26A. Leaves aromatic; calyx lobes 10; petals absent. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Osbornia octodonta
26B. Leaves without strong scent; calyx lobes 4-6; flower petals conspicuous.
Couplet 27.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL26:3
SPP_LIST-ALL26: Cr_pat, Os_oct, Pm_aci
GOTO_A:Profile Os_oct
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 27.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 27.
27A. Leaves smooth, glabrous; calyx lobes 4; flower petals 4. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Crenea patentinervis
27B. Leaf finely pubescent; calyx lobes 6; flower petals 6. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Pemphis acidula
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL27:2
SPP_LIST-ALL27: Cr_pat, Pm_aci
GOTO_A:Profile Cr_pat
GOTO_B: Profile Pm_aci
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 28.
28A. Leaf undersurfaces pale, pubescent, hairy, fine scales, silvery appearance.
Couplet 29.
28B. Leaf undersurfaces glabrous or dull, not obviously pale or pubescent.
Couplet 35.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL28:17
SPP_LIST-ALL28: Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Ca_KEY, Co_ere, Di_lit, He_KEY, Hi_til, In_fag, Ln_pat, Lu_KEY, Pa_KEY, Pe_KEY, Th_pop
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 29.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 35.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 29.
29A. Leaves with 3-7 distinct nerves, cordate to subcordate at base, margins sparingly denticulate or entire. Couplet 30.
29B. Leaves with single dominant mid vein, rounded at base, margins entire.
Couplet 32.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL29:10
SPP_LIST-ALL29: Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Co_ere, Di_lit, In_fag, Lu_KEY, Pa_KEY, Th_pop
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 30.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 32.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 30.
30A. Leaves with mostly <7 veins, no glands on veins undersurface, leaf margins sparingly denticulate; fruits obovoid with 3-5 apical crests. MANGROVES AEP. Genus Pavonia
30B. Leaves with 7 veins, 1-3 glands on main undersurface veins, leaf margins entire; fruit capsule globose. Couplet 31.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL30:3
SPP_LIST-ALL30: Hi_til, Pa_KEY, Th_pop
GOTO_A:Pa_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 31.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 31.
31A. Leaves with glands on 3 main veins undersurface; fruit capsule globose, splitting into 5 segments on drying. ASSOCIATE IWP, INTRODUCED AEP. Species Hibiscus tiliaceous
31B. Leaves with gland on central vein undersurface; fruit capsule depressed globose, 4-5 celled, crumpled on drying. ASSOCIATE IWP, INTRODUCED AEP.
Species Thespesia populnea
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL31:2
SPP_LIST-ALL31: Hi_til, Th_pop
GOTO_A:Profile Hi_til
GOTO_B:Profile Th_pop
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 32.
32A. Leaves floppy, often >12 cm long; seed pod capsular, keeled, smooth, greater than 5 cm long. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Heritiera
32B. Leaves flat, mostly <12 cm long; seed pod capsular ovate, no keel, less than 3 cm long. Couplet 33.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL32:14
SPP_LIST-ALL32: Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Bo_KEY, Ca_KEY, Co_ere, Di_lit, He_KEY, In_fag, Ln_pat, Lu_KEY, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:He_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 33.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 33.
33A. Flowers clustered in groups of 1-3, each large, showy, 4-8 cm wide, 5 petals; fruit carpel, fuzzy surface, seeded. ASSOCIATE IWP, INTRODUCED AEP.
Species Lagunaria patersonia
33B. Flowers in loose panicles or cymes, each <1 cm wide, 3-5 petals; fruit pods capsular, rounded, mostly smooth, seeded. Couplet 34.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL33:3
SPP_LIST-ALL33: Bo_KEY, Ca_KEY, Ln_pat
GOTO_A:Profile Ln_pat
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 34.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 34.
34A. Leaf apices acute; flowers in numerous flowered panicles to 4 cm long; fruit pod roughly ovoid, rugose surface, dull, seeded. MANGROVE & ASSOCIATE IWP.
Genus Brownlowia
34B. Leaf apices often rounded to broadly acute; flowers in 3-6 flowered cymes; fruit pod capsular, rounded, smooth to scaly, seeded. MANGROVES IWP.
Genus Camptostemon
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL34:2
SPP_LIST-ALL34: Bo_KEY, Ca_KEY
GOTO_A:Bo_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:Ca_KEY Couplet 1.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 35.
35A. Leaf petiole envelopes stem, leaving annular scars. MANGROVES IWP.
Genus Aegialitis
35B. Leaf petiole does not envelop stem. Couplet 36.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL35:10
SPP_LIST-ALL35: Ai_KEY, Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Co_ere, Di_lit, In_fag, Lu_KEY, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:Ai_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 36.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 36.
36A. Leaf tip emarginate, bark rough, pneumatophores wiry. MANGROVES IWP.
Genus Lumnitzera
36B. Leaf tip not emarginate, bark finely fissured, pneumatophores absent.
Couplet 37.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL36:9
SPP_LIST-ALL36: Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Co_ere, Di_lit, In_fag, Lu_KEY, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:Lu_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 37.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 37.
37A. Flowers clustered in terminal globose heads. MANGROVE AEP, INTRODUCED IWP.
Species Conocarpus erectus
37B. Flowers on either long racemes, umbils, small groups or solitary.
Couplet 38.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL37:8
SPP_LIST-ALL37: Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Co_ere, Di_lit, In_fag, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:Profile Co_ere
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 38.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 38.
38A. Flowers with >8 stamens, solitary or long racemes; fruit berry or carpel; leaves >20 cm long. Couplet 39.
38B. Flowers with <8 stamens, not on racemes; fruit berry or pod; leaves often <20 cm long. Couplet 41.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL38:7
SPP_LIST-ALL38: Ae_KEY, Am_lat, An_gla, Ba_rac, Di_lit, In_fag, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 39.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 41.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 39.
39A. Flowers solitary, 6 petals, very numerous stamens; fruit globose fleshy berry, seeded; leaves often <14 cm long. ASSOCIATE AEP, INTRODUCED IWP.
Species Annona glabra
39B. Flowers on long racemes or spikes, 4 or more petals; fruit carpel, seeded; leaves to 30 cm long. Couplet 40.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL39:3
SPP_LIST-ALL39: An_gla, Ba_rac, In_fag
GOTO_A:Profile An_gla
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 40.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 40.
40A. Stembase simple; flowers on long racemes, >20 cm long, 4 petals, numerous stamens; fruit carpel 4-cornered, seeded. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Barringtonia racemosa
40B. Stembase fluted buttresses; flowers in axillary spikes, 5 recurved petals, 10 stamens; fruit carpel irregular, flattened globose, 1-seeded. ASSOCIATE IWP.
Species Inocarpus fagifer
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL40:2
SPP_LIST-ALL40: Ba_rac, In_fag
GOTO_A:Profile Ba_rac
GOTO_B:Profile In_fag
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 41.
41A. Flowers 2-12 cm wide; fruits >7 cm long or wide, rounded or top-shaped.
Couplet 42.
41B. Flowers <2 cm wide; fruits <2 cm long, horn-like pod or berry. Couplet 43.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL41:4
SPP_LIST-ALL41: Ae_KEY, Am_lat, Di_lit, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:ALL_KEY Couplet 42.
GOTO_B:ALL_KEY Couplet 43.
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 42.
42A. Flowers with 5 distinct petals; fruits pointed, top-shaped drupe, propagule crypto-viviparous. MANGROVES AEP. Genus Pelliciera
42B. Flowers fused corolla tube, 2 divergent lobes; fruits globose, seeded berry. ASSOCIATE AEP. Species Amphitecna latifolia
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL42:2
SPP_LIST-ALL42: Am_lat, Pe_KEY
GOTO_A:Pe_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:Profile Am_lat
DISPLAY:ALL_KEY Couplet 43.
43A. Flower bud on simple umbel; fruit horn-like, crypto-viviparous pod. MANGROVES IWP. Genus Aegiceras
43B. Flower bud on obscure peduncle; fruits ovoid, seeded berry, MANGROVE IWP.
Species Diospyros littorea
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-ALL43: 2
SPP_LIST-ALL43: Ae_KEY, Di_lit
GOTO_A:Ae_KEY Couplet 1.
GOTO_B:Profile Di_lit
Ac_KEY ACANTHUS GENUS (3 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Ac_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Flower ~3.7 cm long; Corolla patchy mauve, rarely white; Bracteoles persistent; Fruit capsule to 3 cm long; Inflorescence clustered; Flowers mauve streaked white; Bracteoles 2; Stems thick, often with axillary spines. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Acanthus ilicifolius
1B. Flower ~2.3 cm long; Corolla white or deep purple; Bracteoles absent; Fruit capsule to 2 cm long; Inflorescences open; Flowers white or purple; Bracteoles absent; Stems thick or slender, often without axillary spines. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ac_KEY1:5
SPP_LISc-Ac_KEY1: Ac_ebr, Ac_ebr_ebr, Ac_ebr_eba, Ac_ili, Ac_vol
GOTO_A:Profile Ac_ili
GOTO_B:Ac_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:Ac_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Flowers white; Bract single, longer than calyx; Bracteoles absent; Stems slender, often without axillary spines. ASSOCIATE IWP. Species Acanthus volubilis
2B. Flower white or deep purple; Bract single, shorter than calyx; Bracteoles absent; Stems thick, often without axillary spines. MANGROVE IWP. Acanthus ebracteatus, 2 sub-species. Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ac_KEY2:4
SPP_LIST-Ac_KEY2: Ac_ebr, Ac_ebr_ebr, Ac_ebr_eba, Ac_vol
GOTO_A:Profile Ac_vol
GOTO_B:Ac_KEY Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:Ac_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Flowers mostly white; Petals narrow; Leaves both entire and spiny; Anthers hairy on upper suture. Species Acanthus ebracteatus subsp. ebracteatus
3B. Flowers deep purple; Petals narrow; Leaves mostly entire, occasionally spiny; Anthers not hairy on upper suture. Species Acanthus ebracteatus subsp. ebarbatus
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ac_KEY3:2
SPP_LIST-Ac_KEY3: Ac_ebr_ebr, Ac_ebr_eba
GOTO_A:Profile Ac_ebr_ebr
GOTO_B:Profile Ac_ebr_eba
Ar_KEY ACROSTICHUM GENUS (2 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Ar_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Growth form small, to 1m tall; Stems absent; Pinae ~10-20, distal 3-4 fertile, distal tip tapered to narrow acuminate point, 10-20 cm long. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Acrostichum speciosum
1B. Growth form large, 1-3 m tall; Stems indistinct; Pinae up to 60, variably fertile, distal tip rounded or truncate, abruptly acuminate, 20-40 cm long. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ar_KEY1:3
SPP_LIST-Ar_KEY1: Ar_aur, Ar_dan, Ar_spe
GOTO_A:Profile Ar_spe
GOTO_B:Ar_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:Ar_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Stems indistinct, no petiole scars; Pinnae less than 30, distal 5-6 fertile; Pinnae rounded or truncate, abruptly acuminate, 20-40 cm long. MANGROVE IWP and AEP.
Species Acrostichum aureum
2B. Stems indistinct, petiole scars; Pinnae 40-60, mostly all fertile; Pinnae rounded or truncate, abruptly acuminate, 20-40 cm long. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Acrostichum danaefolium
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ar_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Ar_KEY2: Ar_aur, Ar_dan
GOTO_A:Profile Ar_aur
GOTO_B:Profile Ar_dan
Ai_KEY AEGIALITIS GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Ai_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaf upper surfaces dull; Calyx 7-8 mm long; Petals 5, white; Corolla with 9-10 lobes; Propagules 40-50 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Aegialitis annulata
1B. Leaf upper surfaces shiny; Calyx ~13 mm long; Petals 5 white; Corolla with 12 lobes; Propagules 40-50 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Aegialitis rotundifolia
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ai_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Ai_KEY1: Ai_ann, Ai_rot
GOTO_A:Profile Ai_ann
GOTO_B:Profile Ai_rot
Ae_KEY AEGICERAS GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Ae_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaf blade ~11 cm long; Inflorescence umbel; Flowers on first order branches; Corolla tube 5-6 mm long, mouth with dense hairs; Peduncle ~5 mm long; Propagule curved. MANGROVE IWP. Species Aegiceras corniculatum
1B. Leaf blade ~6 cm long; Inflorescence racemose; Flowers on second order branches; Corolla tube ~4 mm long, mouth thinly hairy; Peduncle slight curved. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Aegiceras floridum
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ae_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Ae_KEY1: Ae_cor, Ae_flo
GOTO_A:Profile Ae_cor
GOTO_B:Profile Ae_flo
Av_KEY AVICENNIA GENUS (9 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Corolla orange-yellow, glabrous within; Leaf apices acute or rounded.
Couplet 2.
1B. Corolla white, creamy white with yellow throat, glabrous or hairy within; Leaf apices mostly rounded. Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY1:11
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY1: Av_alb, Av_bic, Av_ger, Av_int, Av_mar, Av_mar_mar, Av_mar_aus, Av_mar_euc, Av_off, Av_rum, Av_sch
GOTO_A:Av_KEY Couplet 2.
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Leaf apices acute, pointed; Flowers small 3-8 mm long; Style prominent; Radicle glabrous except for short hairy collar about distal tip. Couplet 3.
2B. Leaf apices mostly rounded; Flowers small 3-13 mm long; Style low in corolla or prominent; Radicle hairy along most, if not entire length. Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY2:8
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY2: Av_alb, Av_int, Av_mar, Av_mar_mar, Av_mar_aus, Av_mar_euc, Av_off, Av_rum
GOTO_A:Av_KEY Couplet 3.
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Inflorescence capitate; Flowers style erect short, style stigma minute, positioned between upper and lower edge of anthers, ovary pubescent below style; Propagules elongate; Bark pustular smooth. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Avicennia alba
3B. Inflorescence usually spicate; Flowers style barely extended from ovary, style stigma positioned below to above anthers, ovary glabrous on upper surface near style, pubescent below; Propagules ovoid; Bark rough or flaky. MANGROVE IWP. Avicennia marina, 3 varieties Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY3:5
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY3: Av_alb, Av_mar, Av_mar_mar, Av_mar_aus, Av_mar_euc
GOTO_A:Profile Av_alb
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Calyx lobes mostly pubescent; Bark rough fissured. Species Avicennia marina var. australasica
4B. Calyx lobes pubescent with wide glabrous margin; Bark smooth, flaky.
Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY4:3
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY4: Av_mar_mar, Av_mar_aus, Av_mar_euc
GOTO_A:Profile Av_mar_aus
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 5.
5A. Corolla 3-5 mm wide; Style above anthers.
Species Avicennia marina var. eucalyptifolia
5B. Corolla 5-6 mm wide; Style below anthers.
Species Avicennia marina var. marina
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY5:2
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY5: Av_mar_mar, Av_mar_euc
GOTO_A:Profile Av_mar_euc
GOTO_B:Profile Av_mar_mar
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 6.
6A. Flowers small 3-6 mm long; Style short in corolla; Radical fully hairy, pericarp pubescent; Peduncle, small twigs and leaf undersurfaces yellowish to russet tomentose. MANGROVE IWP. Species Avicennia rumphiana
6B. Flowers large 10-13 mm long; Style long slender, prominent in corolla; Radical mostly hairy; Pericarp pubescent; Peduncle, small twigs and leaf undersurface pale, finely puberulent. Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY6:3
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY6: Av_int, Av_off, Av_rum
GOTO_A:Profile Av_rum
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 7.
7A. Sepals mostly glabrous, margins entire; Calyx greater than 5 mm wide; Bark orangy-brown. MANGROVE IWP. Species Avicennia integra
7B. Sepals partly pubescent, margins ciliate; Calyx less than 5 mm wide; Bark finely grey-fissured. MANGROVE IWP. Species Avicennia officinalis
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY7:2
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY7: Av_int, Av_off
GOTO_A:Profile Av_int
GOTO_B:Profile Av_off
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 8.
8A. Corolla lobe upper surfaces glabrous; Anthers low-placed, equal positioned. MANGROVE AEP. Species Avicennia schaueriana
8B. Corolla lobe upper surfaces pubescent; Anthers high-placed, prominent, not always equal. Couplet 9.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY8:3
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY8: Av_bic, Av_ger, Av_sch
GOTO_A:Profile Av_sch
GOTO_B:Av_KEY Couplet 9.
DISPLAY:Av_KEY Couplet 9.
9A. Flowers 10-15 mm long; Anthers equal mostly; Sepals fully pubescent; Style long prominent in corolla; Radical fully hairy; Pericarp pubescent; Bark light fissured; Fruit distinctly beaked; Leaves ovate to elliptic at most. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Avicennia germinans
9B. Flowers 5-6 mm long; Anthers unequal; Sepals partly glabrous; Style short within corolla; Radical short hairy; Pericarp glabrous; Bark grey rough; Fruit blunt; Leaves oblong mostly. MANGROVE AEP. Species Avicennia bicolor
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Av_KEY9:2
SPP_LIST-Av_KEY9: Av_bic, Av_ger
GOTO_A:Profile Av_ger
GOTO_B:Profile Av_bic
Bo_KEY BROWNLOWIA GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Bo_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Shrub to 2 m tall; undercanopy habit; Leaves narrow, lanceolate, 5 cm wide; Petiole to 1 cm long; Pulvinus absent; Flowers in congested, usually axillary clusters. MANGROVE IWP. Species Brownlowia tersa
1B. Tree to 10 m tall; canopy habit; Leaves broad, cordate-ovate, 10 cm wide; Petiole to 6 cm long; Pulvinus distinct; Flowers in terminal, lax panicles. ASSOCIATE IWP. Species Brownlowia argentata
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Bo_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Bo_KEY1: Bo_arg, Bo_ter
GOTO_A:Profile Bo_ter
GOTO_B:Profile Bo_arg
Br_KEY BRUGUIERA GENUS (7 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Flowers small, less than 4 mm wide, multiple buds (2-5); Petals 8, bilobed, tips with 3 bristles, spine between lobes, exceeds lobes; Calyces with 8 lobes, less than 4 mm long. Couplet 2.
1B. Flowers large, greater than 4 mm wide, mostly solitary buds; Petals 9-14, bilobed, tips with 0-3 bristles, spine between lobes absent or present, shorter than lobes; Calyces with 9-14 lobes, greater than 4 mm long. Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY1:8
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY1: Br_cyl, Br_dun, Br_exa, Br_gym, Br_hai, Br_par, Br_rhy, Br_sex
GOTO_A:Br_KEY Couplet 2.
GOTO_B:Br_KEY Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Petals less than 5 mm long, Petal bristles much less than 2 mm long; Fruit calyces elongate, ribbed mostly, lobes adpressed, length ¼-1/5th of calyx. MANGROVE IWP. Species Bruguiera parviflora
2B. Petals 7-9 mm long, Petal bristles 3, greater than 2 mm long; Fruit calyces turbinate, smooth, lobes reflexed, curved, length ½ of calyx. MANGROVE IWP. Species Bruguiera cylindrica
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY2: Br_cyl, Br_par
GOTO_A:Profile Br_par
GOTO_B:Profile Br_cyl
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Flowers multiple buds, mostly 1-3 buds per inflorescence. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Intermediate B. gymnorhiza X B. cylindrica. Species Bruguiera hainesii
3B. Flowers solitary bud, 1 bud per inflorescence. Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY3:6
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY3: Br_dun, Br_exa, Br_gym, Br_hai, , Br_rhy, Br_sex
GOTO_A:Profile Br_hai
GOTO_B:Br_KEY Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Petal lobe bristles absent or minute; Fruit calyces mostly reflexed. Couplet 5.
4B. Petal lobe bristles 1-4, greater than 1 mm long; Fruit calyces slightly curved.
Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY4:5
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY4: Br_dun, Br_exa, Br_gym, Br_rhy, Br_sex
GOTO_A:Br_KEY Couplet 5.
GOTO_B:Br_KEY Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 5.
5A. Petal spine between lobes minute or absent; Calyx lobes 12-14. MANGROVE IWP. Species Bruguiera exaristata
5B. Petal spine between lobes; Calyx lobes 10-12. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Bruguiera sexangula
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY5:2
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY5: Br_exa, Br_sex
GOTO_A:Profile Br_exa
GOTO_B:Profile Br_sex
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 6.
6A. Petal tip bristles 3-4, greater than 2 mm long; Calyx tubes smooth, lobe margins retrorse. MANGROVE IWP. Species Bruguiera gymnorhiza
6B. Petal tip bristles commonly 2, less than 2 mm long; Calyx tubes ribbed or smooth, lobe margins antrorse or retrorse. Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY6:3
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY6: Br_dun, Br_gym, Br_rhy
GOTO_A:Profile Br_gym
GOTO_B:Br_KEY Couplet 7.
DISPLAY:Br_KEY Couplet 7.
7A. Calyx tubes ribbed, lobe margins antrorse. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Intermediate B. gymnorhiza X B. exaristata. Species Bruguiera dungarra
7B. Calyx tubes smooth, lobe margins retrorse. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Intermediate B. gymnorhiza X B. sexangula. Species Bruguiera rhynchopetala
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Br_KEY7:2
SPP_LIST-Br_KEY7: Br_dun, Br_rhy
GOTO_A:Profile Br_dun
GOTO_B:Profile Br_rhy
Ca_KEY CAMPTOSTEMON GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Ca_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaf upper surfaces glabrous, stamens numerous, dithecate; Fruit ovoid, bivalved, wooly crypto-viviparous. MANGROVE IWP. Species Camptostemon schultzii
1B. Leaf upper surfaces sparsely but uniformly lepidote, stamens 5, polythecate; Fruit ovoid, bivalved, wooly crypto-vivparous. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Camptostemon philippinense
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ca_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Ca_KEY1: Ca_phi, Ca_sch
GOTO_A:Profile Ca_sch
GOTO_B:Profile Ca_phi
Ce_KEY CERIOPS GENUS (4 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Ce_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Peduncle length greater than width; Petal tip with 3-5 clavate lobes; Fruit calyx tube flat-expanded, ~2 mm long; Inflorescence single, 2-12 flowers; Petal margins hairless.
Couplet 2.
1B. Peduncle length equal to width; Petal tip fringed with 12-25 sinuate cilia; Calyx tube domed or disc-like; Inflorescence single or cyme-like; Petal margins hairy or hairless.
Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ce_KEY1:5
SPP_LIST-Ce_KEY1: Ce_aus, Ce_dec, Ce_pse, Ce_tag, Ce_zip
GOTO_A:Ce_KEY Couplet 2.
GOTO_B:Ce_KEY Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:Ce_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Style around 3 mm long; Stipule less than 1.2 cm long; Hypocotyl to 11 cm long, smooth rounded. MANGROVE IWP. Species Ceriops australis
2B. Style around 2 mm long; Stipule greater than 1.4 cm long; Hypocotyl to 35 cm long, longitudinal ribbed. MANGROVE IWP. Species Ceriops tagal
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ce_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Ce_KEY2: Ce_aus, Ce_tag
GOTO_A:Profile Ce_aus
GOTO_B:Profile Ce_tag
DISPLAY:Ce_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Calyx tube disc-like, 2-3 mm long; Inflorescence single, 3-5 flowers; Petal margins hairless. MANGROVE IWP. Species Ceriops zippeliana
3B. Calyx tube domed, 4-9 mm long; Inflorescence cyme-like, 6-20 flowers; Petal margins hairy. Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ce_KEY3:3
SPP_LIST-Ce_KEY3: Ce_dec, Ce_pse, Ce_zip
GOTO_A:Profile Ce_zip
GOTO_B:Ce_KEY Couplet 4.
DISPLAY:Ce_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Petal lower margins sparsely short hairy; Style around 1.5 mm long; Epicotyl around 12 mm long; Hypocotyl to 16 cm long, longitudinal ribbed. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Ceriops pseudodecandra
4B. Petal margins densely long hairy; Style around 2.7 mm long; Epicotyl around 3 mm long; Hypocotyl to 13 cm long, longitudinal ribbed. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Ceriops decandra
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ce_KEY4:2
SPP_LIST-Ce_KEY4: Ce_dec, Ce_pse
GOTO_A:Profile Ce_pse
GOTO_B:Profile Ce_dec
Ex_KEY EXCOECARIA GENUS (2 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Ex_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Trees to 10 m tall; Butresses absent; Stems thorny; Leaves 5-11 cm long, tending lanceolate, margins crenulate; Fruit capsule globose, to 3 cm wide; Seeds spherical, 3. ASSOCIATE IWP. Species Shirakiopsis indica
1B. Trees to 7 m tall; Butresses absent; Stems smooth; Leaves 3-10 cm long, apiculate, margins crenulated; Fruit capsule globose, to 3 cm wide; Seeds spherical, 3. MANGROVE IWP. Excoecaria agallocha, 2 varieties. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ex_KEY1:3
SPP_LIST-Ex_KEY1: Ex_aga, Ex_aga_aga, Ex_aga_ova, Sh_ind
GOTO_A:Profile Sh_ind
GOTO_B:Ex_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:Ex_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Leaf tips mostly acuminate, Leaf margins often serrate; Petiole mostly greater than 18 mm long. Species Excoecaria agallocha var. agallocha
2B. Leaf tips mostly blunt to emarginate, Leaf margins mostly entire; Petiole mostly less than 17 mm long. Species Excoecaria agallocha var. ovalis
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ex_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Ex_KEY2: Ex_aga_aga, Ex_aga_ova
GOTO_A:Profile Ex_aga_aga
GOTO_B:Profile Ex_aga_ova
He_KEY HERITIERA GENUS (2 Couplets)
DISPLAY:He_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Petioles 2-4 cm long; Fruits globose, distal beak recurved. ASSOCIATE IWP.
Species Heritiera globosa
1B. Petioles 1-2 cm long; Fruits ovoid, distal beak absent. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-He_KEY1:3
SPP_LIST-He_KEY1: He_fom, He_glo, He_lit
GOTO_A:Profile He_glo
GOTO_B:He_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:He_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Fruits knobbly, ovoid, ventral ridges, plus circular ridge. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Heritiera fomes
2B. Fruits smooth, ovoid, rudder-like crest, without circular ridge. MANGROVE IWP. Species Heritiera littoralis
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-He_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-He_KEY2: He_fom, He_lit
GOTO_A:Profile He_fom
GOTO_B:Profile He_lit
Ka_KEY KANDELIA GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Ka_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Tree to 7 m tall; Leaves elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 8-13 lateral veins; Sepals light green; Fruit hypocotyl 20-40 cm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Kandelia candel
1B. Tree to 3 m tall; Leaves obovate-elliptic, 5-8 lateral veins; Sepals white; Fruit hypocotyl 15-20 cm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Kandelia obovata
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Ka_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Ka_KEY1: Ka_can, Ka_obo
GOTO_A:Profile Ka_can
GOTO_B:Profile Ka_obo
Lu_KEY LUMNITZERA GENUS (2 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Lu_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Inflorescence axillary; Style central; Petals white. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Lumnitzera racemosa
1B. Inflorescence terminal; Style off-centre; Petals pink or red. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Lu_KEY1:3
SPP_LIST-Lu_KEY1: Lu_lit, Lu_rac, Lu_ros
GOTO_A:Profile Lu_rac
GOTO_B:Lu_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:Lu_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Petals pink; Stamens equal to or slightly exceeding petals; Shrubs dense, to 2 m tall. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Intermediate L. racemosa X L. littorea.
Species Lumnitzera rosea
2B. Petals red; Stamens twice as long as petals; Shrubs dense or trees to 25 m tall. MANGROVE IWP. Species Lumnitzera littorea
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Lu_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Lu_KEY2: Lu_lit, Lu_ros
GOTO_A:Profile Lu_ros
GOTO_B:Profile Lu_lit
Pa_KEY PAVONIA GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Pa_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaves broad, shallow cordate, blade 5-7 nerved from base; Carpels with 3 apical cusps; Epicalyx long relative to calyx. MANGROVE AEP. Species Pavonia paludicola
1B. Leaves narrow, subtracted and cuneate, blade 3 nerved from base; Carpels with one apical cusp; Epicalyx short relative to calyx. MANGROVE AEP.
Species Pavonia rhizophorae
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Pa_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Pa_KEY1: Pa_pal, Pa_rhi
GOTO_A:Profile Pa_pal
GOTO_B:Profile Pa_rhi
Pe_KEY PELLICIERA GENUS (1 Couplet)
DISPLAY:Pe_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaves greater than 34 mm wide, dentition on one side; Flowers mostly white; Paired foliaceous bracts white-pale green, greater than 35 mm wide; Petals white, oblong mostly. MANGROVE AEP. Species Pelliciera rhizophorae
1B. Leaves less than 34 mm wide, dentition on both sides; Flowers generally pink-red; Paired foliaceous bracts pink-red, less than 35 mm wide; Petals pinkish, lanceolate. MANGROVE AEP. Species Pelliciera benthamii
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Pe_KEY1:2
SPP_LIST-Pe_KEY1: Pe_ben, Pe_rhi
GOTO_A:Profile Pe_rhi
GOTO_B:Profile Pe_ben
Rh_KEY RHIZOPHORA GENUS (12 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaf mucronate tip prominent erect spike; Inflorescences always bifurcate at first juncture. Couplet 2.
1B. Leaf apex blunt with mucro folded under or irregular tip; Inflorescences often trifurcate at first juncture. Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY1:13
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY1: Rh_ann, Rh_api, Rh_bre, Rh_har, Rh_lam, Rh_man, Rh_muc, Rh_rac, Rh_sam, Rh_sam_neo, Rh_sel, Rh_sty, Rh_tom
GOTO_A:Rh_KEY Couplet 2.
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Inflorescences positioned low in leafy shoot; Bracts corky, bulbous; Mature buds around 15 mm long; Petals glabrous; Stamens 10-12; Style around 1.3 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Rhizophora apiculata
2B. Inflorescences positioned within leafy shoot; Bracts smooth, slender; Mature buds around 15 mm long; Petals hairy; Stamens 8-15; Style 1-6 mm long.
Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY2:5
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY2: Rh_ann, Rh_api, Rh_lam, Rh_muc, Rh_sty
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_api
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 3.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Mature buds less than 15 mm long; Petals wooly; Stamens 8 mostly. Couplet 4.
3B. Mature buds greater than 15 mm long; Petals sparsely hairy; Stamen 9-15.
Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY3:4
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY3: Rh_ann, Rh_lam, Rh_muc, Rh_sty
GOTO_A:Rh_KEY Couplet 4.
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Style less than 2.1 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Rhizophora mucronata
4B. Style 2.1-6.0 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Species Rhizophora stylosa
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY4:2
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY4: Rh_muc, Rh_sty
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_muc
GOTO_B:Profile Rh_sty
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 5.
5A. Style 2.1-4.0 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid R. stylosa X R. apiculata.
Species Rhizophora lamarckii
5B. Style 1.4-2.0 mm long. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid R. stylosa X R. mucronata.
Species Rhizophora annamalayana
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY5:2
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY5: Rh_ann, Rh_lam
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_lam
GOTO_B:Profile Rh_ann
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 6.
6A. Leaf apices acute, mucro length equals width; Mature fruits plus hypocotyls absent. Couplet 7.
6B. Leaf apices mostly blunt, mucro broadly folded under, length much less than width; Mature fruits plus hypocotyls present or absent. Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY6:8
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY6: Rh_bre, Rh_har, Rh_man, Rh_rac, Rh_sam, Rh_sam_neo, Rh_sel, Rh_tom
GOTO_A:Rh_KEY Couplet 7.
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 7.
7A. Petals minutely hairy; Stamens 11-18; Style less than 2.1 mm long; Calyces thick. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid R. samoensis X R. apiculata.
Species Rhizophora tomlinsonii
7B. Petals woolly; Stamens 8; Style 2.1-5.0 mm long; Calyces thin. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid R. samoensis X R. stylosa. Species Rhizophora selala
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY7:2
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY7: Rh_sel, Rh_tom
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_tom
GOTO_B:Profile Rh_sel
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 8.
8A. Peduncle first node bifurcate; Inflorescence multiflorous, junctures 4-8; Flowers 10-256; Style greater than 2.1 mm long. MANGROVE AEP. Species Rhizophora racemosa
8B. Peduncle first node bifurcate or trifurcate; Inflorescence junctures 0-3; Flowers 1-8; Style length variable. Couplet 9.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY8:6
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY8: Rh_bre, Rh_har, Rh_man, Rh_rac, Rh_sam, Rh_sam_neo
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_rac
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 9.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 9.
9A. Inflorescences immature only, slender, trifurcate; Petals and Stamens absent. MANGROVE IWP. Putative F2 Hybrid R. samoensis X R. selala.
Species Rhizophora samoensis var. neocaledonica
9B. Inflorescences normal, bifurcate and trifurcate at first juncture; Stamens 8. Couplet 10.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY9:5
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY9: Rh_bre, Rh_har, Rh_man, Rh_sam, Rh_sam_neo
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_sam_neo
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 10.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 10.
10A. Mature bud rounded at apex; Style less than 2.1 mm long; Bracteoles inconspicuous, less than 1 mm long. Couplet 11.
10B. Mature bud constricted towards apex; Style 2.1-4.3 mm long; Bracteoles conspicuous, greater than 1 mm long. Couplet 12.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY10:4
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY10: Rh_bre, Rh_har, Rh_man, Rh_sam
GOTO_A:Rh_KEY Couplet 11.
GOTO_B:Rh_KEY Couplet 12.
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 12.
11A. Mature bud 1-2 below apical node; Hypocotyls present. MANGROVE AEP & IWP. Species Rhizophora samoensis
11B. Mature bud 3-5 below apical node; Hypocotyls absent mostly. MANGROVE AEP. Putative Hybrid R. samoensis X R. racemosa. Species Rhizophora brevistyla
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY11:2
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY11: Rh_bre, Rh_sam
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_sam
GOTO_B:Profile Rh_bre
DISPLAY:Rh_KEY Couplet 12.
12A. Mature buds 1-2 leaf scars below apical shoot; Flowers 2-4, junctures 1-2; Hypocotyls present. MANGROVE AEP. Species Rhizophora mangle
12B. Mature buds 3-5 leaf scars below apical shoot; Flowers 16-32, junctures 4-5; Hypocotyls absent mostly. MANGROVE AEP. Putative Hybrid R. mangle X R. racemosa. Species Rhizophora harrisonii
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Rh_KEY12:2
SPP_LIST-Rh_KEY12: Rh_har, Rh_man
GOTO_A:Profile Rh_man
GOTO_B:Profile Rh_har
So_KEY SONNERATIA GENUS (8 Couplets)
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Fruit calyx 4-5 lobed, less than 2.0 cm long; Stigma fungiform, expanded; Fruit 1.5-2.0 cm wide. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia apetala
1B. Fruit calyx 6-8 lobed, greater than 2.5 cm long; Stigma capitate; Fruit 3-7 cm wide Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY1:9
SPP_LIST-So_KEY1: So_alb, So_ape, So_cas, So_gri, So_gul, So_hai, So_lan, So_ova, So_ura
GOTO_A:Profile So_ape
GOTO_B:So_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Mature bud width at lobes equal to tube width; Fruit calyx cup-shaped. MANGROVE IWP. Couplet 3.
2B. Mature bud width at lobes greater than tube width; Fruit calyx flat-expanded. Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY2:8
SPP_LIST-So_KEY2: So_alb, So_cas, So_gri, So_gul, So_hai, So_lan, So_ova, So_ura
GOTO_A:So_KEY Couplet 3.
GOTO_B:So_KEY Couplet 6.
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 3.
3A. Petals white, if present; Stamens white; Calyx shiny; Fruit rounded, dull. Couplet 4.
3B. Petals red-white; Stamens red or white; Calyx lustrous-dull; Fruit indented, satiny. Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY3:4
SPP_LIST-So_KEY3: So_alb, So_gul, So_hai, So_ura
GOTO_A:So_KEY Couplet 4.
GOTO_B:So_KEY Couplet 5.
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 4.
4A. Leaves obovate, venation indistinct; Calyx smooth, shiny; Seeds sickle-shaped. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia alba
4B. Leaves ovate, venation distinct; Calyx finely dimpled; Seeds granular. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid S. alba X S. ovata. Species Sonneratia hainanensis
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY4:2
SPP_LIST-So_KEY4: So_alb, So_hai
GOTO_A:Profile So_alb
GOTO_B:Profile So_hai
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 5.
5A. Leaves broad and rounded, venation distinct; Calyx satiny; Seeds granular. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid S. alba X S. caseolaris. Species Sonneratia gulngai
5B. Leaves apiculate, venation indistinct; Calyx dull; Seeds granular. MANGROVE IWP. Putative Hybrid S. alba X S. lanceolata. Species Sonneratia urama
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY5:2
SPP_LIST-So_KEY5: So_gul, So_ura
GOTO_A:Profile So_gul
GOTO_B:Profile So_ura
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 6.
6A. Petals red, linear; Stamens red or white; Style greater than 5 cm long; Calyx lobes flat, expanded. Couplet 7.
6B. Petals absent; Stamens white; Style less than 4 cm long; Calyx lobes reflexed, adpressed. Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY6:4
SPP_LIST-So_KEY6: So_cas, So_gri, So_lan, So_ova
GOTO_A:So_KEY Couplet 7.
GOTO_B:So_KEY Couplet 8.
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 7.
7A. Leaves ovate-apiculate; Mature bud with medial constriction; Calyx tube surface grooved, irregular, satiny coriaceous. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia caseolaris
7B. Leaves lanceolate-apiculate; Mature bud with no medial constriction; Calyx tube rounded, smooth, dull. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia lanceolata
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY7:2
SPP_LIST-So_KEY7: So_cas, So_lan
GOTO_A:Profile So_cas
GOTO_B:Profile So_lan
DISPLAY:So_KEY Couplet 8.
8A. Leaves ovate, venation indistinct; Calyx verruculose. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia ovata
8B. Leaves obovate, venation distinct; Calyx coriaceous to smooth. MANGROVE IWP. Species Sonneratia griffithii
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-So_KEY8:2
SPP_LIST-So_KEY8: So_gri, So_ova
GOTO_A:Profile So_ova
GOTO_B:Profile So_gri
Xy_KEY XYLOCARPUS GENUS (2 Couplets)
DISPLAY:Xy_KEY Couplet 1.
1A. Leaflets ovate, pointed; 6 or more; Stem buttresses absent; Pneumatophores absent; Bark grey, vertical fissured; Mature fruit 7-8 cm wide. ASSOCIATE IWP.
Species Xylocarpus rumphii
1B. Leaflets rounded, elliptic; 4-6; Stem buttresses; Pneumatophores sometimes; Bark flaky or smooth; Mature fruit 8-25 cm wide. Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Xy_KEY1:3
SPP_LIST-Xy_KEY1: Xy_gra, Xy_mol, Xy_rum
GOTO_A:Profile Xy_rum
GOTO_B:Xy_KEY Couplet 2.
DISPLAY:Xy_KEY Couplet 2.
2A. Stem buttresses small fin-like; Pneumatophores conical, sturdy; Bark grey, vertical fissured, flaky, rough; Mature fruit 8-12 cm wide; Deciduous. MANGROVE IWP. Species Xylocarpus moluccensis
2B. Stem buttresses plank-like, sinuous; Pneumatophores absent; Bark pale, orangy, smooth with flaky patches; Mature fruit 10-25 cm wide; Evergreen. MANGROVE IWP.
Species Xylocarpus granatum
DISPLAY:END
SPP_NO-Xy_KEY2:2
SPP_LIST-Xy_KEY2: Xy_gra, Xy_mol
GOTO_A:Profile Xy_mol
GOTO_B:Profile Xy_gra