Plants yellowish or brownish green. Stems reddish brown, to 25 mm high, with reddish brown rhizoids. Leaves erect-spreading, broadly obovate to spathulate, 1.5–3.5 (–4.0) mm long, 1.0–1.8 mm wide, ±concave, tapered in the upper 1/3 to a broadly acute cuspidate apex; costa pale brown or reddish brown, c. 45 µm wide near the base, ending (5–) 7–10 (or more) cells below the apex; margin weakly toothed above. Upper laminal cells oblong-hexagonal, 45–90 (–105) × 30–36 µm, longer and more oblong below; marginal cells longer and firmer-walled, forming a weak border of 1–3 rows, often yellowish; apical cell 30–90 µm long.
Calyptra cucullate, rostrate. Setae 5–12 (–14) mm long, twisted to the right throughout, pale brown or reddish brown, weakly hygroscopic. Capsules inclined to nearly horizontal, asymmetrical, obovoid, constricted below the mouth when dry, 1.5–2.0 (–2.3) mm, with a weakly defined neck c. 1/3 (–1/2) of the capsule length, reddish brown (but often dehiscent when lower portion of capsule still green), strongly wrinkled below when dry; mouth equal the diameter of the capsule, ±oblique; exothecial cells with indistinct lumina, c. 2–4:1, in cross section with strongly cuneate anticlinal walls, c. 6 rows isodiametric to oblate at mouth; operculum plano-convex. Peristome double; exostome teeth sigmoid, (225–) 250–300 (–475) × (60–) 75–90 µm, acute at the apices, vertically striate ±throughout, coarsely baculate near the apices, with appendiculae weak in upper half or lacking, trabeculae well-developed; endostome variable, segments c. 90 µm wide, acute, c. 3/4 the height of teeth, or irregular and shorter, striate-baculate below, baculate above. Spores (24–) 27–33 (–35) µm diam., insulate-baculate.
Known from all States and Territories. Also in New Zealand, New Caledonia and Andean Equador and Venezuela.
This species occupies a variety of seemingly dissimilar habitats. Throughout its range it is most common on steep clay and/or silt banks at low elevations.
Entosthodon radians (Hedw.) Müll.Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 122 (1848); Weissia radians Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. 73 (1801); Bryum radians (Hedw.) P.Beauv., Prodr. 49. (1805); Eremodon radians (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 236 (1826); Funaria radians (Hedw.) Müll.Hal., Linnaea 18: 692 (1845).
Funaria acaulis Hampe, Linnaea 30: 624 (1860); Entosthodon (Plagiodus) acaulis (Hampe) Fife, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 58: 192 (1985). Type: Gippsland, Vic., 1855, F.Mueller 119; holotype: BM-Hampe; isotype: BM-Hooker, H-Lindberg.
Funaria crispula Hook. f. & Wilson, Fl. Tasman. 198 (1859). Type: s. loc., New Zealand, 1769–70, J.Banks; holotype: BM; isotypes: BM-Hooker, H-Lindberg.
[Funaria glabra auct. non Taylor: G.O.K.Sainsbury, 1955].
Qld: Ashgrove, C.Wild.
N.S.W.: Ballina, W.W.Watts; Kittys Ck, Lane Cove R., W.W.Watts.
Tas.: Myrtle Gully, Mt Wellington, 22 Nov. 1978, A.V.Ratkowsky.
The shorter capsule and shorter leaf apical cell preclude confusion with the much rarer E. muehlenbergii. Endostome development varies within populations and even within single capsules.
Author - Allan J. Fife & Rodney D. Seppelt
Editor(s) - Pat M. McCarthy (2012)
Acknowledgements -
Contributors -
Cite this profile as: Allan J. Fife & Rodney D. Seppelt (2024) Entosthodon radians. In: Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/boa/profile/Entosthodon%20radians [Date Accessed: 06 April 2025]